2009年《金融時報》全球500強排名

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2009年《金融時報》全球500強排名(FT Global 500 2009)

2009年《金融時報》全球500強排名簡述

　　2009年5月29日，英國金融時報網站公佈了其統計的最新一期“全球企業500強”榜單。由於能源價格不斷高企，石油類企業已經代替銀行業成為市值最大企業，中石油以4240億美元的價值，超越美國通用電氣而登上榜眼之位。

　　美國埃克森美孚依舊穩居冠軍寶座。

　　此次入榜的中國公司數量，從去年的8家增加到了今年的25家，大部分原已入榜的中國企業排位也有提升。中國石化的排位從去年的第53名升到了第37名。中國移動從去年的第16名攀升到了第5名，XD中國聯首次入榜，排為第337名。

　　榜單還顯示，由於油價高漲與次貸危機的影響，上榜石油能源企業的市值已經超過銀行業，銀行業排名普遍下降。不過，中國的銀行業在此輪危機中影響較小，排名獲得了一定的提升。中國工商銀行從去年的第9名上升到了第6名，是全球各大銀行中排名最靠前的一家上市銀行。中國建設銀行從去年的第35名上升到了第20名，招商銀行從第264名上升到了第103名，中國交通銀行也從第166名提高到了第105名。另外，中信銀行、中信證券、中國民生銀行和上海點擊查看上海及更多城市天氣預報浦東開發銀行新加入了排行榜。

　　《金融時報》在全球各大公司今年3月31日的股價基礎上制定了此排行榜。該排行榜每年公佈一次，已連續公佈了12期。入榜公司必須有最少15%股份在市場流通。

This is the 13th annual ranking of the FT Global 500, providing a snapshot of the world’s largest companies. Exxon Mobil and PetroChina maintain their positions at numbers one and two respectively. The total market capitalisation of the Global 500 companies has fallen by 42 per cent from $26,831bn to $15,617bn. The 500th company is worth $10.1bn, compared with $19.3bn last year. Oil companies overtake banks as the most valuable sector, with 15 banks leaving the list and the number of oil companies increasing by one. The market value of the banks has more than halved from $4,116bn in 2008 to $1,937bn in 2009.

The FT500 interactive table and the full list of FT500 tables derived from the same data show how corporate fortunes have changed in the past year, highlighting relative performance of countries and sectors. The companies are ranked by market capitalisation – the greater the stock market value of a company, the higher its ranking. Market capitalisation is the share price on March 31 2009 multiplied by the number of shares issued. The figures were converted into a common currency to allow comparison, so all the figures in the main FT 500 ranking are presented in terms of the dollar at that date. We have included all companies where the free float – the proportion of shares in market circulation – is at least 15 per cent. Companies are then valued on the lines of shares that are quoted on the stock market. The full value of a listed stock is included even if part of it is tightly held. Unlisted lines of stock are excluded. Investment companies are not included.

The main Global 500 table shows for each company: the rank in 2008 and 2009, the country, market capitalisation, sector, turnover, net income, total assets and employees. The price earnings ratio, dividend yield and the company’s year end are included in the Global 500 on www.ft.com.

A company’s country allocation in the FT 500 is based on incorporation and stock market listing, along with market perception, largely following the FTSE guidelines. This can lead to what may seem like some anomalies. For example, EADS and STMicroelectronics, both incorporated in the Netherlands, are classified as French as the main quotes are on the Euronext Paris exchange. Schlumberger and Seagate Technology are classified as US, although they are incorporated in the Netherlands Antilles and Cayman Islands respectively. The Jardine companies appear under Hong Kong despite their Singapore listings and incorporations in Bermuda.

It is possible to show only a small selection of the information in the printed report, so we have additional FT 500 tables for Europe, the US, UK and Japan on www.ft.com. The web also has tables showing the newcomers to the list (and those which have disappeared), largest rises and falls, market capitalisation by sector and by country as well as a list ranking all the Global 500 companies within their sectors.

Companies can be ranked by any of their key statistics such as turnover (as used by Fortune magazine in its Global 500), employment or profits. While each can be interesting, we feel there are more weaknesses with these methods. Turnover, for example, does not adequately allow for banks and some financial services companies, while profits will be distorted by write-offs. A common problem affecting most methods other than market capitalisation is timing. As profit and turnover figures come from annual reports, any ranking based on them must be out of date. As annual reports are staggered through the year, some of the numbers used for the rankings would relate to a period two years before publication of the ranking. In contrast, it can also be argued that a ranking based on capitalisations contains a forward-looking element in the sense that share prices include a view on investors’ expectations.

The FT 500 companies can be followed in the newspaper and on www.ft.com. A table listing all the FT 500 companies appears daily in the UK edition of the paper (and on Mondays in the international editions) and in the data archive on www.ft.com. Through the week the FT 500 companies are identified on the international editions’ stock listing pages by a Maltese cross symbol.

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