史賽克公司

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　　史賽克公司是全球最大的骨科及醫療科技公司之一

　　史賽克公司是全球最大的骨科及醫療科技公司之一，總部設於美國密西根州的克拉馬蘇市，在全球有14個生產研發及銷售分部，員工超過一萬六千多人。產品涉及關節置換、創傷、顱面、脊柱、手術設備、神經外科、耳鼻喉、介入性疼痛管理、微創手術、導航手術、智能化手術室及網路通訊、生物科技、醫用床、急救推床等。由於業績良好，史賽克公司分別被美國著名的《財富》雜誌及《Business Week》 評為財富500強公司及全美50大醫療公司之一。在2005年更被評為在醫療業界中最受景仰的公司。美國史賽克公司在紐約股票交易所上市。

　　美國史賽克公司亞太總部設於香港，支持史賽克公司在亞太地區多個國家的業務發展，包括大中華、澳洲、紐西蘭、南韓和東南亞地區；提供財務、人力資源、市場推廣、信息管理及產品策略支持。美國史賽克公司亞太地區總裁為Mr. Jim Cunniff。

Stryker Corporation NYSE: SYK, a global leader in orthopaedic manufacture, is a Kalamazoo, Michigan based medical technology firm engaged in the development and production of implants used in joint replacement, trauma, craniomaxillofacial and spinal surgeries; biologics; surgical, neurologic, ear, nose & throat and interventional pain equipment; endoscopic, surgical navigation, communications and digital imaging systems; as well as patient handling and emergency medical equipment. Presently, the company is divided into several discrete operational units, each functioning as a separate entity: Stryker Biotech; Stryker Canada; Stryker Communications; Stryker Craniomaxillofacial; Stryker Development; Stryker Endoscopy; Stryker Imaging; Stryker Japan; Stryker Latin America; Stryker MedSurg; Stryker Orthopaedics; and Stryker Spine.

　　二十世紀三十年代末，美國密西根大學整形外科一位名叫 Homer Stryker 的年輕好奇醫生髮現，某些醫療產品出現了短缺，不能滿足他以及他的病人的需要。他沒有接受當時醫療設備條件的限制，而是發揮他的創造性思維，發明瞭幾種令整個醫療界都為之興奮的新產品。

　　在密西根州的克拉馬蘇進行過實驗後，史賽克醫生繼續針對整形外科問題設計出一些簡單而又實用的解決方案，如史賽克翻轉架，這是一張床，醫療專業人員可以用它來旋轉不能移動的病人。到了 1941 年，市場對他的產品的需求非常大，因此史賽克醫生創立了一家公司生產這些產品。他通過自己的實踐，創造性發明瞭醫療史上使用最為廣泛的產品之一：擺鋸。擺鋸使醫生能夠切開堅硬的物質，但又不會傷害裡面的皮膚。

　　有了希望開發出更好的醫療產品以提高人們生活質量這一強烈的渴望做動力，史賽克醫生繼續用他的遠見和創新精神激勵著這家公司。 1964 年，史賽克醫生退休，為了表彰他矢志不渝地提高整形外科病人生活質量，這家公司更名為史賽克公司。

The Orthopedic Frame Company, precursor of Stryker Corporation, was formed on February 20, 1946 by Dr. Homer Stryker, a Kalamazoo, Michigan based orthopedist. Stryker, an innovator, desired to provide patients medical technologies that would both foster efficiency and observe demonstrated need. Accordingly, he developed the Turning Frame—a mobile hospital bed that allowed for repositioning of injured patients while providing necessary body immobility, the cast cutter—a cast cutting apparatus that removed cast material without damaging underlying tissues, and the walking heel, among others. In 1964, the company name underwent revision and was officially changed to Stryker Corporation.^[1]

In 1978, one year after John Brown was named President and CEO, annual sales reached $22.7 million. In 1979 Stryker made an initial public offering of stock and later acquired Osteonics Corporation, entering the replacement hip, knee, and other orthopaedic implants market (Stryker). In 1999 annual sales reached $2.1 billion and in 2000 Stryker was included in the S&P 500 and the Forbes Platinum 400 for the first time. In 2002 sales reached $3.0 billion and Stryker was listed in the Fortune 500 for the first time.

In 2003 Stephen P. MacMillan joined Stryker as President and COO. In 2005, annual sales reached $4.9 billion and John W. Brown transitioned to the single role of Chairman of the Board while Steve MacMillan became President & CEO. By 2007, Stryker sold its Physiotherapy Associates division to private equity firm Water Street Healthcare Partners for $150 million.

As of 2007-2008 global market overview of top medical technology firms, Stryker maintains a number 10 locus with total portfolio sales in excess of $6 billion; this figure marks an increase of approximately 20% over the previous period. Since 1999 the company has sustained comparable rates of growth. Moreover, the firm maintains 16% worldwide orthopaedic market share; Stryker retains more of the orthopaedic market than any other of the nation’s foremost producers in the segment: DePuy Orthopaedics, Zimmer Holdings, Medtronic, Synthes, Smith & Nephew, and Biomet, among others. Analysts remain speculative whether similar figures can be achieved for the current fiscal year citing regulatory issues and the costly mitigation so associated. ^[2]

As of 2008, members of the board of directors of Stryker Corporation are:

• John W. Brown, Chairman
• Stephen P. MacMillan
• Howard E. Cox, Jr.
• Donald M. Engelman, Ph.D.
• Louise L. Francesconi
• William U. Parfet
• Ronda E. Stryker

In March 2006 Stryker absorbed the Haifra, Israel based Sightline Technologies Ltd. into its operations. Siteline, a manufacturer of gastrointestinal endoscopy apparatuses, propelled Stryker into the flexible endoscopy market. In February of the same year, the firm acquired eTrauma.com Corp., a privately held entity involved in the development of software for "Picture archiving and communication system" (PACS); the company was incorporated into Stryker Endoscopy Business. December 2005, marked the company’s acquisition, by merger, of PlasmaSol Corp. for $17.5 million. PlasmaSol produces technologies allowing sterilization of various MedSurg equipments. In August 2004, Stryker acquired, for $120 million, SpineCore Inc., a company involved in the development of artificial spinal disks. About two years preceding this date, in June of 2002, the firm acquired the Spinal Implant Business of Surgical Dynamics Inc. for $135 million. Two years prior to this date, in August of 2000, Stryker acquired, with stock, Guided Technologies, Inc., a developer and manufacturer of optical localizers purposed for use in healthcare and industrial. In 1998, Stryker purchased Howmedica, the orthopaedic division of Pfizer, for $1.65 billion.

Stryker maintains relationships with, but not limited to, the following professional and trade organizations:

• The Advanced Medical Technology Association (AdvaMed)
• The Medical Devices Manufacturing Association (MDMA)
• The Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF)
• National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
• European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT)
• International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT)
• International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS)
• Foundation for Orthopaedic Trauma; Speaking of Women’s Health
• Arthritis Foundation and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
• Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN)
• American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM)

Since early 2007 the company has received three letters from the Federal Drug Administration citing issues in compliancy. The first of which, a seven-page correspondence, named various issues at an Ireland based manufacturing facility such as untimely fix of failures and procedural noncompliance in the testing of failed or otherwise problem-prone devices.The second of which, sent November 2007, cites issues at the firm’s Mahwah, N.J. facility including poor fixation of hip implant components, in some instances requiring mitigation by revision surgeries; exceeded microbial level violations in the cleaning and final packaging areas of the sterile implants; and failure to institute measures in prevention of recurrence of these and other problems. The final warning letter, sent April 2008, cites issues at the firm’s Hopkinton, Mass. biotechnology facility. Again, issues relate to quality and noncompliance including falsification of documents relevant to the selling of products to hospitals which are to be sold under a limited, government mandated basis. Stryker maintains that employees involved in the falsification of documents have since been terminated.

In fall 2007, Stryker along with the related companies: Biomet, Zimmer Holdings, DePuy Orthopaedics and Smith & Nephew, were involved in civil ligation with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General. This litigation called for a net payout of $311 million as the governmental department maintains the aforementioned companies engaged in unlawful kickbacks to physicians who urged hospitals to purchase their respective products. Stryker, however, having cooperated early in the investigation, was not fined. ^[3]

As of February 2008 a dispute exists between Stryker Corp. and the U.S. Department of Justice concerning a subpoena linking the company to aforementioned misconduct in sale of products. Since governmental filing of the injunction, Stryker notes that it has produced in excess of 300,000 pages of documentation in compliance with the mandate. U.S. Government counters, however, that the documentation was not proper in scope and format. Law officials expect the investigation to persist several months. ^[4]

　　美國史賽克公司早在1986年及1988 年便通過代理公司分別進入臺灣及中國大陸市場，並於1994年正式在香港成立辦事處，於2000年在北京、上海、廣州及成都設立代表處。同時，分別在多個城市設立維修中心，確保能為顧客提供最及時可靠的服務。

　　為表達對中國市場的重視，2005年10月美國史賽克公司在中國首都北京舉行首次美國境外的董事局會議，表決將中國市場定為策略性高增長地區。２００６年成立史賽克(北京)醫療器械有限公司，以更有效整合資源及發揮大中華各地區的優勢。

　　為了支持快速增長的業務，史賽克在大中華區會擴大售後維修服務範圍並建立多個培訓基地，以便為醫護提供最佳的售前售後服務；同時，積極培養內部人才以提供最優秀的服務給我們的顧客。因為我們深信，醫院能成功為患者提供醫療保健，才是我們的成功。