簡·莫頓

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

本條目包含過多不是中文的內容，歡迎協助翻譯。 若已有相當內容譯為中文，可逕自去除本模板。

簡·莫頓(Jane S. Mouton)

簡·莫頓(Jane S. Mouton,1930年4月15日- 1987年12月7日):管理方格理論的提出者

　　簡·穆頓，1930年出生於美國。1957年在得克薩斯大學獲得心理學哲學博士學位，不久擔任該校心理學系副教授，專門從事行為科學，特別是組織與管理領域的研究。

　　曾經是科學方法公司總裁及共同創辦人，和羅伯特·布萊克共同研發管理方格理論（Managerial Grid）。

　　她是美國心理學會會員，擁有產業和組織心理學暨美國人心理學委員會的證照，美國人科學促進協會會員。她除了在組織發展領域的研究之外，也參與順從、輸贏衝突動力學、及創造性決策等主題的研究。

　　簡·莫頓和羅伯特·布萊克共同發展了管理方格理論（Managerial Grid）。這是一個關於領導效果和管理實踐的理論，它對那些試圖把生產中的兩大要素--人和產品結合起來的基礎研究進驗證和比較。穆頓與布菜克共同開展的研究結果表明，通過加強參與、公開、調查研究、提倡、公正和批評等領導手段可以提高個人和組織的成效。

　　穆頓探索的另一個領域是共同參與的學習模式。共同參與是一種以學生為中心的教學方法，它要求培養學生的自我責任感。在為此而制訂的學習計劃里，學生被看作是學習過程中的積极參与者，他們共同參與傾聽、解釋、評價和互相間的影響。

　　莫頓和布萊克於1964年合著了《管理方格》（The Managerial Grid）一書，提出了研究領導方式及其有效性的管理方格理論。這本書出版後得到學界的廣泛重視和業界的高度歡迎，十多年時間，在美國就銷出近百萬冊。

　　1978年，他們把這本書修訂再版，更名為《新管理方格》。

　　此外她還與羅伯特·布萊克共同著有《秘書方格》、《教育行政方格》。

　　Jane Srygley Mouton is not mentioned in the volumes of Who’s Who among American Women, Notable American Women, or even the Encyclopedia of American Biographies. Despite being a woman noted for her intellectual prowess, Mouton was nonetheless a female scholar in the 1950’s and 1960’s (Kleiner, 1996). Like many promising women of the time, her history seems to have been overlooked. In fact, from the 1940’s through 1960’s noteworthy women were generally disregarded, especially in the world of academia (Dubois, 2006). Dr. Cox often tells his COM 585 class the story of how Dr. Landini thought it was so “cute” that he was a department chair at such a young man. Sadly, this seems to have been the general opinion directed toward all female scholars throughout these decades. The research produced by these women may have been revolutionary, but instead of regarded as legitimate, it was seen as a “cute” attempt to be scholarly. Thus, women were patted on their heads for good behavior and sent back to their offices. Unfortunately, there is truth to the statement that there is strength in numbers, and during Mouton’s prime females in the academic world did not yet have the numbers to be heard. In fact, co-ed colleges had only become widely acceptable in the 1950’s. (Miller-Bernal & Poulson, 2004). Thus, at the time Mouton graduated with her Bachelor of Science in mathematics, there were hardly any female faculty members present at universities. She herself was among the original academic pioneers fighting to shift the gender balance, especially in the male dominated field of mathematics. In fact, Jane Srygley Mouton was among the most solid type of mathematician as was proven when she crossed over to furthermore become a scholar of management, psychology, and communication. Mouton was a former student of Robert Blake from the University of Texas, which was a fortunate connection for a female in the 1950’s. Together they are famous for their creation of the aforementioned Managerial Grid which was admittedly composed of Mouton’s creation and Blake’s name (Bokeno, 2007). The Grid came into existence when Blake and Mouton were hired as consultants by Exxon. It was during this time that their supposedly combined efforts produced the grid as a method of finding a median between McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y workers (Capstone, 2003). Originally, their work was reflected upon the National Teaching Laboratories (NTL) who they had worked with as a means of bringing their ideas into the organizations (Kleiner, 1996). In fact, Mouton was among few women to lead one of the NTL’s T-Groups (Training Groups) during the 1950’s. However, Blake and Mouton’s methodology was more focused on treating the organizational issues rather than simply diagnosing them. This was contrary to standard NTL practices. Thus, they separated from the company. Blake had even copyrighted the Grid so that only by franchising with him could someone else use the Grid for training, thus ensuring that everyone would use it in the way Blake and Mouton deemed fitting. Therefore, through their work with NTL leading T-Group’s and the creation of Mouton’s Managerial Grid, Blake became famous and Mouton was seemingly allowed to ride on his coat tails, eventually co-founding Scientific Methods, Inc in 1961 (Ultimate, 2003). On a more personal note, Jane Srygley was born on April 15, 1930 in Port Arthur, TX (Contemporary, 2004). Her father, Theodore Quarles Srygley, was an educator and her mother, Grace Stumpe Srygley, was a psychologist. She married an investor, Jackson, C. Mouton, Jr. on December 22, 1953. The Moutons had two daughters named Jane Martha and Jacquelyn Cruse. Kleiner (1996) remarked that individuals who knew her well regarded her as someone who loved being outdoors, especially around horses. She was furthermore considered by that group to be highly intelligent, well composed, and devoted to her work. Perhaps if the rest of the world had recognized those same qualities, she would be remembered as a scholar rather than Blake’s assistant. Jane Srygley Mouton received her Bachelor of Science in Mathematical Education from the University of Texas at Austin in 1950 and later returned to complete a PhD in 1957 (Contemporary, 2004). She also received a Masters of Science from Florida State University in 1951. She was certainly loyal to the University of Texas at Austin considering that her working positions include being a research scientist from 1953-1957, a social science researcher and instructor from 1957-1959, and assistant professor of psychology from 1959-1964. She was furthermore vice-president of Scientific Methods Inc. from 1961 -1981 and has presided as president of the company since 1982.

• Honorary member of the faculty at the Institute of Business Administration and Management in Tokyo, Japan.
• Best Writing Award from the American Society for Training and Development (1961-1962).
• Book Award from the American College of Hospital Administrators for The New Managerial Grid (1980).
• Book of the Year Award from the American Journal of Nursing (1982) for Grid Approaches for Managerial Leadership in Nursing.
• Book of the Year Award from the American Management Association (1982) for Productivity: The Human Side.