常用經濟術語中英對照表

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

• 國民經濟、對外經濟貿易 National economy, Foreign economic relations and trade
• 經濟指標 economic indicators
• 社會總產值 total product of society
• 國民生產總值 GNP (Gross National Product)
• 國內生產總值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
• 人均國內生產總值 GDP per capita
• 工農業總產值 gross output value of industry and agriculture
• 國民收入 national income
• 購買力平價法 purchasing power parity
• 財政收入 state revenue
• 社會商品零售總額 total volume of retail sales
• 社會零售物價總指數 general retail price index
• 百分點 percentage points
• "八五"劃劃 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
• 計劃經濟 planned economy
• 統購統銷 state monopoly over purchase and marketing
• 市場經濟 market economy
• 指令性計劃 mandatory plan
• 指導性計劃 guidance plan
• 市場調節 market regulation
• 建立市場經濟、法制、民主監督和廉政"三個機制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government
• 抓好農業、交通能源、教育科技"三個基礎" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology
• 實現產業結構、生態環境和人口素質"三個優化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population
• 第一、二、三產業 primary, secondary and tertiary industries
• 外向型經濟 export-oriented economy
• 創匯型企業 foreign exchange-earning enterprise
• 勞動密集型 labor intensive
• 技術、智力、資本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive
• 高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value
• 優化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources
• 生產力 productive forces
• 生產資料 capital goods
• 科研成果產業化 industrialization of research findings
• 火炬計劃 Torch Plan
• 技術入股 technology appraised as capital stock
• 風險投資 venture investment/capital
• 固定資產投資 investment in fixed assets
• 折舊費 depreciation cost
• 關係民生的產品 products vital to the people’s livelihood
• 供大於求 oversupply
• 供不應求 short supply
• 經濟過熱 overheated economy
• 抑制炒房地產熱 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market
• 巨集觀調控 macro-economic control
• 經濟杠桿 economic levers
• 產業政策 industrial policy
• 財政, 稅收, 信貸，利率, 匯率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate
• 提高經濟效益 enhance economic performance/returns
• 社會效益 social effect/returns
• 實現持續、穩定、協調的發展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development
• 財政赤字(盈餘 ) budget deficit(surplus)
• 外貿出口總額 gross foreign export value
• 外商直接投資協議金額 contracted foreign direct investment
• 實際利用外資 foreign investment in actual use
• 三資企業(中外合資合作、外商獨資經營) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture
• 允許外商獨資經營 allow full foreign equity operation
• 優惠條件 confessional terms; favorable terms
• 減免稅收 tax reduction and exemption
• 合作方式 approaches to cooperation
• 出資方式 means of contributing investment
• 合營期限 contract term of a joint venture
• 三來一補 (來料加工,來件裝配,來樣加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)
• 貿易伙伴 trade partner
• 轉口貿易 transit trade
• 外貿順差 foreign trade surplus
• 積極引進外來資金、技術、人才和管理經驗 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside
• 交鑰匙工程 turn-key project
• 招標承包制 bidding invitation contract system
• 招標出售技術 bids for technology
• 公開招標 call for bid; tenders
• 招標單 invitation for bid (IFB)
• 標書 bidding document
• 竟標 competitive bidding
• 投標 bid for a project
• 投標報價書 bid proposals
• 評標 bid proposal evaluation
• 開標 bid opening
• 中標 win a bid; be awarded a tender
• 拍賣 auction
• 租賃 leasing
• 保稅區 bonded area; free trade area
• 實行全方位開放 practice multi-directional opening
• 統一政策、放開經營、平等競爭、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition
• 自負盈虧、工貿結合、推行代理制 responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system
• 知識產權 intellectual property rights
• 技術轉讓 technology transfer
• 可行性研究 feasibility study
• 意向書 letter of intent
• 投資環境 investment environment
• 跨國公司 transnational coorporation
• 基礎設施 infrastructure
• 20年基本實現現代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years
• 發揮技術視窗管理視窗和人才視窗的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.
• 招商 attract investment
• 招商項目 project proposals for investment
• 同國際慣例接軌 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage
• 加大改革力度 intensify reforms
• 一條龍服務 one package service
• 一支筆審批 one-chop approval
• 我們兩市的經濟互補性很強。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.
• 平等互利，互通有無 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods
• 外引內聯 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections
• 保持發展後勁 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development
• 三通一平（水通、電通、路通、施工場地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.
• 瓶頸 bottleneck
• 以工養農 use industrial income to finance agriculture
• 以路養路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects
• 下放審批權 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels
• 統而不死，活而不亂 ensure a flexible control
• 良性迴圈 positive cycle
• 國民經濟的支柱 mainstay of the national economy
• 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.
• 理順企業的產權關係 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises
• 政策性虧損 policy-related loss
• 三角債 chain debts
• 上不封頂，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee
• 企業“工效掛鉤” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise
• 生意興隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish
• 質量信得過單位 quality trustworthy organization
• 批量生產 mass production
• 以銷定產 limit production to market ability
• 內聯企業 inland associated enterprises
• 菜籃子工程 shipping basket project
• 國產化 percentage of home-made parts
• 配套改革 coordinated reforms
• 配套措施 supporting measures
• 配套工程 auxiliary project
• 國內配套資金 domestic funds
• 向基礎工業傾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry
• 升級換代 upgrading and updating
• 看好經濟增長 think highly of economic growth
• 行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.
• 行情看漲/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price
• 隨行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions
• 片面追求發展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate
• 在過渡時期 in a period of transition
• 粗放/集約經營 extensive/intensive operation
• 基礎地位 leading position
• 門類齊全 covering extensive fields
• 存款餘額/貸款餘額 the balance of deposits/the balance of loans
• 外匯儲備 foreign exchange reserves
• 貿易順差 trade surplus