常用经济术语中英对照表

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

• 国民经济、对外经济贸易 National economy, Foreign economic relations and trade
• 经济指标 economic indicators
• 社会总产值 total product of society
• 国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)
• 国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
• 人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita
• 工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture
• 国民收入 national income
• 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity
• 财政收入 state revenue
• 社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales
• 社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index
• 百分点 percentage points
• "八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
• 计划经济 planned economy
• 统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing
• 市场经济 market economy
• 指令性计划 mandatory plan
• 指导性计划 guidance plan
• 市场调节 market regulation
• 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government
• 抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology
• 实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population
• 第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries
• 外向型经济 export-oriented economy
• 创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise
• 劳动密集型 labor intensive
• 技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive
• 高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value
• 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources
• 生产力 productive forces
• 生产资料 capital goods
• 科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings
• 火炬计划 Torch Plan
• 技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock
• 风险投资 venture investment/capital
• 固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets
• 折旧费 depreciation cost
• 关系民生的产品 products vital to the people’s livelihood
• 供大于求 oversupply
• 供不应求 short supply
• 经济过热 overheated economy
• 抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market
• 宏观调控 macro-economic control
• 经济杠杆 economic levers
• 产业政策 industrial policy
• 财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate
• 提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns
• 社会效益 social effect/returns
• 实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development
• 财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)
• 外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value
• 外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment
• 实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use
• 三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture
• 允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation
• 优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms
• 减免税收 tax reduction and exemption
• 合作方式 approaches to cooperation
• 出资方式 means of contributing investment
• 合营期限 contract term of a joint venture
• 三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)
• 贸易伙伴 trade partner
• 转口贸易 transit trade
• 外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus
• 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside
• 交钥匙工程 turn-key project
• 招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system
• 招标出售技术 bids for technology
• 公开招标 call for bid; tenders
• 招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)
• 标书 bidding document
• 竟标 competitive bidding
• 投标 bid for a project
• 投标报价书 bid proposals
• 评标 bid proposal evaluation
• 开标 bid opening
• 中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender
• 拍卖 auction
• 租赁 leasing
• 保税区 bonded area; free trade area
• 实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening
• 统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition
• 自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system
• 知识产权 intellectual property rights
• 技术转让 technology transfer
• 可行性研究 feasibility study
• 意向书 letter of intent
• 投资环境 investment environment
• 跨国公司 transnational coorporation
• 基础设施 infrastructure
• 20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years
• 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.
• 招商 attract investment
• 招商项目 project proposals for investment
• 同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage
• 加大改革力度 intensify reforms
• 一条龙服务 one package service
• 一支笔审批 one-chop approval
• 我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.
• 平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods
• 外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections
• 保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development
• 三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.
• 瓶颈 bottleneck
• 以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture
• 以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects
• 下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels
• 统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control
• 良性循环 positive cycle
• 国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy
• 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.
• 理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises
• 政策性亏损 policy-related loss
• 三角债 chain debts
• 上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee
• 企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise
• 生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish
• 质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization
• 批量生产 mass production
• 以销定产 limit production to market ability
• 内联企业 inland associated enterprises
• 菜篮子工程 shipping basket project
• 国产化 percentage of home-made parts
• 配套改革 coordinated reforms
• 配套措施 supporting measures
• 配套工程 auxiliary project
• 国内配套资金 domestic funds
• 向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry
• 升级换代 upgrading and updating
• 看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth
• 行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.
• 行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price
• 随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions
• 片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate
• 在过渡时期 in a period of transition
• 粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation
• 基础地位 leading position
• 门类齐全 covering extensive fields
• 存款余额/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/the balance of loans
• 外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
• 贸易顺差 trade surplus