2017年諾貝爾經濟學獎

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

2017年諾貝爾經濟學獎(Nobel Prizes in Economic Sciences 2017)

　　2017年北京時間10月9日諾貝爾經濟學獎揭曉，理查德·塞勒(Richard Thaler)——行為金融學奠基者、芝加哥大學教授獲獎，理由是行為經濟學的成就。 ​

　　官網原文：

　　The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2017 was awarded to Richard H. Thaler "for his contributions to behavioural economics".

　　理查德·塞勒1945年出生於美國新澤西州。曾先後在羅徹斯特取得文學碩士(1970)和哲學博士(1974)學位。先後執教於羅徹斯特大學 (1971-1978)和康奈爾大學(1978-1995)，1995年起任芝加哥大學商業研究生院行為科學與經濟學教授、決策研究中心主任至今。現為美國經濟學會會員、美國藝術與科學研究院院士。系行為經濟學和行為金融學領域的重要代表人物。

　　研究領域

　　塞勒的主要研究領域是行為經濟學、行為金融學與決策心理學。在行為金融學方面，塞勒研究人的有限理性行為對金融市場的影響，並作出了很多重要貢獻。塞勒是赫伯特·西蒙（HerbertSimon）所領導的一個委員會的委員，其任務是向總統的科學顧問提交關於決策與問題求解的研究報告。

　　官網人物介紹

　　Richard H. Thaler has incorporated psychologically realistic assumptions into analyses of economic decision-making. By exploring the consequences of limited rationality, social preferences, and lack of self-control, he has shown how these human traits systematically affect individual decisions as well as market outcomes.

　　Limited rationality: Thaler developed the theory of mental accounting, explaining how people simplify financial decision-making by creating separate accounts in their minds, focusing on the narrow impact of each individual decision rather than its overall effect. He also showed how aversion to losses can explain why people value the same item more highly when they own it than when they don't, a phenomenon called the endowment effect. Thaler was one of the founders of the field of behavioural finance, which studies how cognitive limitations influence financial markets.

　　Social preferences: Thaler's theoretical and experimental research on fairness has been influential. He showed how consumers' fairness concerns may stop firms from raising prices in periods of high demand, but not in times of rising costs. Thaler and his colleagues devised the dictator game, an experimental tool that has been used in numerous studies to measure attitudes to fairness in different groups of people around the world.

　　Lack of self-control: Thaler has also shed new light on the old observation that New Year's resolutions can be hard to keep. He showed how to analyse self-control problems using a planner-doer model, which is similar to the frameworks psychologists and neuroscientists now use to describe the internal tension between long-term planning and short-term doing. Succumbing to shortterm temptation is an important reason why our plans to save for old age, or make healthier lifestyle choices, often fail. In his applied work, Thaler demonstrated how nudging – a term he coined – may help people exercise better self-control when saving for a pension, as well in other contexts.

　　In total, Richard Thaler's contributions have built a bridge between the economic and psychological analyses of individual decision-making. His empirical findings and theoretical insights have been instrumental in creating the new and rapidly expanding field of behavioural economics, which has had a profound impact on many areas of economic research and policy.

　　諾貝爾經濟學獎(The Nobel Economics Prize)，全稱是紀念阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾瑞典銀行經濟學獎(The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel)，通常稱為諾貝爾經濟學獎，也稱瑞典銀行經濟學獎。

　　諾貝爾經濟學獎不屬於諾貝爾遺囑中所提到的五大獎勵領域之一，而是由瑞典銀行在1968年為紀念諾貝爾而增設的，其評選標準與其它獎項是相同的，獲獎者由瑞典皇家科學院評選，1969年（該銀行的300周年慶典）第一次頒獎，由挪威人弗里希和荷蘭人丁伯根共同獲得。

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