勞埃德TSB集團

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　　勞埃德銀行（也譯為萊斯銀行，Lloyds Banking Group）具有相當悠久的歷史，成立於1765年。1995年勞埃德銀行成功收購了英國信托儲蓄銀行（TSB）之後組成勞埃德TSB銀行，成為英國最大的五家商業銀行(巴克萊銀行、匯豐銀行、勞埃德銀行、HBOS和國民西敏寺銀行)之一，目前擁有的客戶數量最多，但勞埃德銀行和勞埃德保險集團和船級社無關。

　　勞埃德TSB集團創立於1688年，是一家設在英國的銀行和金融服務集團，主要從事銀行，貸款和抵押，儲蓄與投資，保險等業務，在全球有2400多家分支機構。1996年，英國勞埃德銀行同英國信托儲蓄銀行合併產生勞埃德TSB銀行集團。

　　擁有315年曆史的英國勞埃德保險集團是世界級保險公司，僅次於美國國際集團，而英國勞氏船級社（LLOYD'SRIG）則是一家評級機構）。

　　勞埃德代理系統建立於1811年，遵循勞埃德委員會內部制定的規則，授權代理系統按照需要的方式處理。同年8月28日，委員會決定：“客戶們感興趣的問題是最重要的，在國內外都需要建立規則而且廣泛的服務系統，通過代理系統的中介服務滿足客戶的需要。”

　　代理機構的基本任務是作為勞埃德集團為客戶提供海洋保險信息的服務系統。這個基本任務在勞埃德集團的出版物上Lloyd's List刊登出來，目前已經是一家獨立經營的公司。

　　從1811年開始，成為勞埃德集團的代理機構的條件就沒有發生變化，必須是當地的公司，經營業績良好，在當地商業地位和信譽得到認可。

　　代理系統發展迅速，到了19世紀中期，擁有300多個網點的服務網路已經建立起來。20世紀開始的時候，這個數字已經擴大到了400多個，而下屬代理機構達到了500多個。今天，勞埃德集團的代理服務部門已經遍及世界各地。

　　勞埃德TSB集團總員工數達7.4萬（2006年），2007年利息及相關收入168.74億英鎊,營業盈餘51.39億英鎊,年度利潤33.21億英鎊。2008年利息及相關收入175.69億英鎊,營業盈餘38.19億英鎊,年度利潤8.45億英鎊。

Lloyds TSB Group plc (LSE: LLOY, NYSE: LYG) is a leading British financial institution with its head office in Edinburgh, Scotland and operations that span the globe including the US, Europe, Middle East and Asia. Its individual business units provide an extensive range of financial products and services, both in the United Kingdom and overseas. It was formed in 1995 by the merger of Lloyds Bank and the Trustee Savings Bank (TSB).The Group's head office is at Henry Duncan House, 120 George St, Edinburgh- although most head office functions are in London.

Lloyds TSB is currently the fifth largest banking group in the UK, operating in England and Wales as Lloyds TSB; and in Scotland as Lloyds TSB Scotland plc. Its other subsidiaries include the mortgage bank Cheltenham and Gloucester; life assurance company Scottish Widows; and finance house Black Horse.

Lloyds TSB Group's activities are organised into three businesses: UK Retail Banking and Mortgages, Insurance and Investments, and Wholesale and International Banking. Lloyds TSB provides a service to a large number of clients in a broad range of markets. Lloyds TSB's Triple A (Moody's) senior debt rating was placed on review for possible downgrade following the announcement of the organization's planned acquisition of HBOS.

On 17 September 2008, UK banking and insurance group HBOS confirmed that it was in "advanced" takeover talks with Lloyds TSB about a deal to merge.These talks arose following a run on the share price of HBOS connected with the subprime mortgage credit crisis and short selling of shares. Later in the day it was announced that Lloyds TSB had agreed to buy HBOS for 232p per share.On 18 September, Lloyds TSB confirmed the £12.2 billion deal.

Formation

See also: Lloyds Bank and Trustee Savings Bank

Lloyds TSB was created in 1995, when the Lloyds Bank and the Trustee Savings Bank ("TSB") agreed to merge their operations,creating at that time the second largest bank in the UK by market capitalisation after HSBC Holdings; and the largest by market share.

Lloyds Bank was one of the oldest banks in the UK, founded by John Taylor and Sampson Lloyd in 1765 in Birmingham.Through a series of mergers, Lloyds emerged to become one of the Big Four banks in the UK.

The TSB can trace its roots back to the first savings bank founded by Henry Duncan in Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire in 1810. The TSB itself was created in 1985, by an Act of Parliament that merged together all (except Airdrie Savings Bank) the remaining savings banks in Great Britain under TSB Bank plc.

UK expansion

The creation of Lloyds TSB was the beginning of a large scale consolidation in the UK banking market. In 1995, the merger between TSB and Lloyds Bank formed Lloyds TSB Group plc, one of the largest forces in domestic banking.

In June 1999, TSB and Lloyds Bank branches in England and Wales were re-branded Lloyds TSB. Branches in Scotland came under the new brand of Lloyds TSB Scotland, which now has branches stretching from the Northern Isles to the Mull of Galloway.

In 2000, the group acquired Scottish Widows, a mutual life assurance company based in Edinburgh in a deal worth £7 billion.This made the group the second largest provider of life assurance and pensions in the UK after the Prudential. In September the same year, Lloyds TSB purchased Chartered Trust from the Standard Chartered Bank for £627m to form Lloyds TSB Asset Finance Division which provides motor, retail and personal finance in the United Kingdom under the trading name Black Horse.

Lloyds TSB continued to take part in the consolidation, making a takeover bid for the Abbey National in 2001, although this was later rejected by the Competition Commission.

In October 2003, Lloyds TSB Group agreed the sale of its subsidiary, NBNZ Holdings Limited comprising the Group's New Zealand banking and insurance operations to Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited.

In July 2004, Lloyds TSB Group announced the sale of its business in Argentina to Banco Patagonia Sudameris S.A and its business in Colombia to Primer Banco del Istmo, S.A.

On 20 December 2005, Lloyds TSB announced that it had reached an agreement to sell, for cash, the credit card business of Goldfish to Morgan Stanley Bank International Limited for a premium of G.B.P.175 million.

In 2007, Lloyds TSB announced that it has sold its Abbey Life insurance division to Deutsche Bank for £977m.

Lloyds TSB also became the first mainstream bank to launch a sharia-compliant business account, with the Islamic Business and Corporate account being the latest financial product to be run in line with sharia principles.

Takeover of HBOS

On 17 September 2008, the BBC reported that HBOS was in takeover talks with Lloyds TSB, in response to a precipitous drop in HBOS's share price connected to short selling.The takeover talks concluded successfully that evening, with a proposal to create a banking giant which would hold a third of the UK mortgage market.An announcement was made at 0700 on 18 September 2008.

Although the announcement by the HBOS board confirmed agreement to be taken over by Lloyds TSB, two main steps are required for this to take place:

• Three quarters of HBOS shareholder votes in agreement with the board's actions;

• UK government dispensation with respect to competition law.

As most of the shareholding votes with HBOS are in the hands of institutional investors, it is unlikely there will be sufficient shareholder protest to the takeover, and as Prime Minister Gordon Brown personally brokered the deal with Lloyds TSB, the dispensation should be a formality. The only event which could hold up these steps is a criminal investigation by the Serious Fraud Office over the circumstances of the short selling, as has been initiated by New York's Attorney General into similar events on the NYSE. However, the SFO has not indicated it is conducting such an enquiry.

The Lloyds TSB board stated that troubled banks Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley were amongst the advisers recommending the takeover.

The Group is organised as follows:

• UK Retail Banking - Helen Weir, Group Executive Director。
• Provides a full range of banking and financial services to some 16 million personal customers through over 2,000 branches across the UK, as well as telephone and internet banking services. Cheltenham & Gloucester is the Group's specialist residential mortgage provider, selling its products through branches of C&G (throughout Great Britain) and Lloyds TSB Bank in England and Wales. The Group is one of the largest mortgage lenders in the UK, with a market share of 8.8 per cent as at the end of 2006. Profit before tax from UK Retail Banking in 2006 was £1,549 million.
  • • Lloyds TSB Bank - England and Wales
    • Lloyds TSB Scotland - Scotland
    • Cheltenham and Gloucester- mortgage and savings bank
    • Scottish Widows Bank - direct banking arm of Scottish Widows

• Insurance and Investments - Archie G Kane, Group Executive Director
  • Scottish Widows is the Group's specialist provider of life assurance, pensions and investment products, distributed through the Lloyds TSB branch network, through independent financial advisers and directly via the telephone and the internet. Insurance and Investments also includes general insurance underwriting and broking, and fund management. Profit before tax from Insurance and Investments in 2006 was £950 million.
    • Scottish Widows
    • Lloyds TSB Insurance Services Limited

• Wholesale and International Banking - G Truett Tate, Group Executive Director

• • Provides banking and related services for major UK and multinational corporates and financial institutions, and small and medium-sized UK businesses. It also provides asset finance and manages Lloyds TSB Group's activities in financial markets through its treasury function and provides banking and financial services overseas. Profit before tax from Wholesale and International Banking in 2006 was £1,640 million.
    • Lloyds TSB Corporate Markets
    • Lloyds TSB Commercial Finance
    • Blackhorse
    • Offshore Banking

　　勞埃德銀行(Lloyds Bank)是英國四大銀行之一，成立於1765年，是英國曆史最悠久的銀行之一，曾是英國銀行業中最早進行國際業務的銀行之一，20世紀70年代進行了大規模的全球擴張。80年代初，勞埃德銀行在拉美和商業房地產貸款中遭到嚴重損失，其中對拉美國家的不良貸款在英國銀行中排名第二。另外，其不良商業房地產貸款的比重也非常大。而其資產規模在英國四大商業銀行是最小的，資本基礎比其英國競爭對手弱。當時的勞埃德銀行面臨嚴峻的形勢，繼續發展的餘地非常小。

　　1983年，勞埃德銀行一改過去“大的是好的”戰略，將重點放在增加股東利益上，制定了每三年將股東利益翻番的目標。勞埃德銀行選擇了促進經營良好業務、剝離或出售經營不好的業務來實施這一戰略。通過一系列的戰略轉型，在內部建立了一個扁平化的組織結構，實行低成本管理，勞埃德銀行已由一家小型的、表現平庸的銀行變為一家重點突出的英國零售業務銀行。到1998年1月13日，其資本市值達687億美元，列全球首位，而其他英國銀行都未能進入前8名。該行實現了銀行經營戰略的轉型，並取得了巨大的成功。

　　同時，勞埃德銀行利用銀行轉型機遇，建立了一個有利於其戰略實施的企業文化。勞埃德銀行的文化是一種“成果驅動，追求卓越，非常所羅門類型”的文化。這一文化強調成本效益、成本推動和跑贏大市。

　　因此，只要較低層的產品經理和主管能夠達到贏利性目標，他們就能夠從非常靈活的、沒有官僚等級的、扁平的、分散的機制中獲得一定的授權。管理人員的薪酬和獎金將與業績和公司的效益、股本回報等掛鉤。這一新型的銀行文化對西方現代銀行。

　　英國勞埃德集團以事實證明，這些方法的確有用。該銀行運用“游擊式”的營銷戰術，以此打破其慣有的呆板形象，吸引了一些優秀學生。通常，這些學生嚮往能在管理咨詢公司或大型的會計事務所開始自己的職業生涯。

　　勞埃德集團在許多大學都擺放了公司的標記：一匹和真馬一樣大小的黑馬模型。集團在各個大學都以此奇招為中心，展開招聘工作。之後，集團發現應聘學生的質量有了明顯的提高。

　　勞埃德集團顯示：“2002年和2003年，經過測評中心評估的應聘者中，有五分之一的人符合招聘要求，可以馬上上崗。

　　突擊行動有助於吸引應聘者的視線。但若要充分利用這一戰術，招聘單位需要真正瞭解招聘市場，並拿出比競爭對手更棒的推廣方案來。

　　對一家經營範圍遍及全球的企業而言，當它的目標鎖定某一特定地區時，它的營銷策略就要作相應的調整。勞埃德集團的全球招聘營銷經理•辛格（Navjot Singh）說：“我們需要瞭解招聘營銷中哪些方面在全球範圍內適用，哪些需要本土化。”知道在何時何地向目標發起攻勢，是成功的關鍵。