蒂莫西·蓋特納

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蒂莫西·蓋特納(Timothy Geithner)

　　蒂莫西·蓋特納(Timothy Geithner)的全名蒂莫西·弗朗茲·蓋特納（Timothy Franz Geithner，1961年8月18日－）出生於紐約布魯克林(Brooklyn)，美國經濟學家，現任美國財政部長（2009年至今）。首個能說中文的美國財長，蓋特納常被媒體稱為“中國通”。

　　相比美國政府其他高級官員，蓋特納的國際經驗是一大優勢。蒂莫西·蓋特納從小隨在福特基金會任職的父親在亞洲和非洲生活，從泰國首都曼谷一所高中畢業；先後就讀於美國達特茅斯學院和約翰斯·霍普金斯大學，在約翰斯·霍普金斯大學高等國際研究學院獲得國際經濟與東亞研究的碩士學位；並學習過中文和日語，早年曾在中國、日本、泰國、印度和辛巴威生活過；擁有政府與亞洲研究的學士學位。

　　1985年，他加入“基辛格同人公司”，成長為一名亞洲事務專家。他1988年進入美國財政部工作。從1995年到2001年，歷任財政部助理部長幫辦、助理部長高級幫辦、助理部長和負責國際事務的副部長。此後，蓋特納曾在美國外交學會和國際貨幣基金組織任職。從2003年起，他擔任美國紐約聯邦儲備銀行行長。出任行長之前，他曾在美國財政部供職達14年之久，先後服務於柯林頓時期的才張魯濱河薩默斯，在1999年接任被提升為財長的薩默斯出任負責國際事務的副部長，薩默斯也因此被認為是蓋特納在政治上的導師。

　　參與了美國許多重要金融問題的決策，並與美國現任財長保爾森密切合作。蓋特納是處理金融危機的專家，此前曾研究過亞洲金融危機，曾參與制定墨西哥、印度尼西亞南韓巴西和泰國金融救援計劃。在2008年美國政府應對金融危機的過程中發揮了重要作用，蓋特納是美聯儲系統內最堅定的低利率倡導者之一。

　　之前，蓋特納曾經過期欠交稅。在AIG花紅事件中，蓋特納是主角之一，而奧巴馬誓言支持他，不必辭職。

　　早期的生活和教育

　　Geithner was born in Brooklyn, New York.^[1] He spent most of his childhood living outside the United States, including present-day Zimbabwe, Zambia, India, and Thailand where he completed high school at International School Bangkok.^[2] He attended Camp Becket-in-the-Berkshires-for-boys, a summer camp located in western Massachusetts. He then attended Dartmouth College, graduating with a B.A.in government and Asian studies in 1983^[3].He earned an M.A. in international economics and East Asian studies from Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies in 1985.^[3][4] He has studied Chinese^[3] and Japanese.^[5]

　　Geithner's paternal grandfather, Paul Herman Geithner (1902–1972), emigrated with his parents from Zeulenroda, Germany to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1908.^[6] His father, Peter F. Geithner, is the director of the Asia program at the Ford Foundation in New York. During the early 1980s, Peter Geithner oversaw the Ford Foundation's microfinance programs in Indonesia being developed by S. Ann Dunham-Soetoro, President Barack Obama's mother, and they met in person at least once.^[7]Timothy Geithner's mother, Deborah Moore Geithner, is a pianist and piano teacher in Larchmont, New York where his parents currently reside. Geithner's maternal grandfather, Charles F. Moore, was an adviser to President Dwight D. Eisenhower and served as Vice President of Public Relations from 1952-1964 for Ford Motor Company.^[8]

　　早期的職業生涯

　　After completing his studies, Geithner worked for Kissinger and Associates in Washington, D.C., for three years and then joined the International Affairs division of the U.S. Treasury Department in 1988. He went on to serve as an attaché at the US Embassy in Tokyo. He was deputy assistant secretary for international monetary and financial policy (1995–1996), senior deputy assistant secretary for international affairs (1996-1997), assistant secretary for international affairs (1997–1998).^[4]

　　He was Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs (1998–2001) under Treasury Secretaries Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers.^[4] Summers was his mentor,^[9][10] but other sources call him a Rubin protégé.^[10][11][12]

　　In 2002 he left the Treasury to join the Council on Foreign Relations as a Senior Fellow in the International Economics department.^[13] He was director of the Policy Development and Review Department (2001-2003) at the International Monetary Fund.^[4]

　　In October 2003 at age 42,^[14] he was named president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.^[15] His salary in 2007 was $398,200.^[16]Once at the New York Fed, he became Vice Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee component. In 2006, he also became a member of the Washington-based financial advisory body, the Group of Thirty.^[17] In May 2007 he worked to reduce the capital required to run a bank.^[14] In November he rejected Sanford Weill's offer to take over as Citigroup's chief executive.^[14]

　　In March 2008, he arranged the rescue and sale of Bear Stearns;^[5][18] in the same year, he played a pivotal role in both the decision to bail out AIG as well as the government decision not to save Lehman Brothers from bankruptcy, though claims were made after Geithner's nomination that distanced him from both AIG and Lehman Brothers.^[19] As a Treasury official, he helped manage multiple international crises of the 1990s^[11] in Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand.^[12]

　　Geithner believes, along with Henry Paulson, that the United States Department of the Treasury needs new authority to experiment with responses to the financial crisis of 2008.^[5] Paulson has described Geithner as "[a] very unusually talented young man...[who] understands government and understands markets."^[18]

　　由於父親是政府國際發展事務官員，經常駐外工作，蓋特納在美國、亞洲和非洲等多個國家和地區度過了童年時期。他高中就讀於泰國首都曼谷一所中學，後回到美國就讀達特茅斯大學，獲政府和亞洲研究學士學位。此後，他又在霍普金斯大學獲得國際經濟和東亞研究碩士學位。他還學習過日語和中文。

　　踏入職業生涯後，蓋特納的第一份工作是擔任美國前國務卿基辛格的研究助理。1988年，他加入美國財政部國際事務司，併在接下來10多年中先後擔任負責國際貨幣和金融政策的副助理部長、負責國際事務的助理部長和負責國際事務的副部長。2002年，他加入美國外交學會，成為國際經濟部門的高級研究員。同時，他還擔任國際貨幣基金組織的政策發展和回顧部門負責人。2003年10月，他被任命為紐約聯邦儲備銀行行長。2008年11月24日，美國當選總統奧巴馬正式提名紐約聯邦儲備銀行行長蒂莫西·蓋特納掌管財政部。

　　美國經濟界和媒體認為，蓋特納對貨幣和金融政策理解深刻，併在國際貿易領域擁有豐富經驗。此前，他曾參與過墨西哥、印度尼西亞、南韓、巴西和泰國等國的經濟救援項目。2008年金融危機爆發後，他在穩定華爾街金融形勢中發揮了核心作用。另外，蓋特納雖然曾為柯林頓政府效力，但他沒有強烈的黨派意識，與國會共和黨人和民主黨人均保持良好關係。

　　蓋特納於1985年與達特茅斯大學同學卡羅爾結婚，兩人育有一兒一女。

　　He married Carole Sonnenfeld Geithner on June 8, 1985 at his parents' summer home in East Orleans, Mass. The Rev., Thomas Keehn, a United Church of Christ minister, officiated. Ms. Sonnenfeld Geithner was working as a research associate for Common Cause at the time of her marriage to Mr Geithner. Her father, Albert Sonnenfeld, was a professor of French and comparative literature at Princeton University, and her mother, Portia Sonnenfeld, was the conductor of the Chamber Symphony of Princeton.^[2]

　　Timothy and Carole Sonnenfeld Geithner have two children, Elise who will be attending Stanford in the fall(b. 1991) and Benjamin (b. 1994).