悉尼·G·溫特
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悉尼·G.溫特是華盛頓特區美國審計總署（G.A.O.）首席經濟學家。
1982年，理查德·R·納爾遜（Richard.R.Nelson）和悉尼·G·溫特（Sideny.G.Winter）的《經濟變遷的深化理論》問世，標志著企業進化論的基本理論框架已開始逐步完整。納爾遜和溫特認為，企業的成長是通過類似生物進化的三種核心機制，即多樣性、遺傳性和自然選擇性來完成的。組織、創新和路徑依賴（Path Dependency）等進化對企業成長的影響至深，市場環境提供企業成長的界限，這一界限與企業存活能力和增長率有密切關係。納爾遜和溫特在企業生物相似性的基礎上，構建了一個模擬生物的企業研究模型，該模型特別強調“慣例”（知識遺傳和繼承）、 “搜尋”（企業適應和慣例變異）和“市場選擇”在企業演化過程中的作用。在企業進化論中，慣例是企業持久不變的行為特點，其深深植根於企業的一切思維和行為中，是可以遺傳和繼承的。慣例既對短期行為（如企業的某次營銷活動）的思維方式和行為特征產生影響，又對企業長期行為（如基本競爭戰略的選擇或投資風格的確立）產生根本影響。但慣例並非一成不變，企業進化論也考慮到它受環境和隨機因素的影響，否則進化也就無從談起。
學士:斯沃斯莫爾學院,1956年；
博士:耶魯大學，1964年；
碩士:耶魯大學，1957年。
Firm capabilities; technological change; competitive advantage
Wharton: 1993-present (named Deloitte and Touche Professor of Management, 1993; Co-Director, Reginald H. Jones Center for Management Policy, Strategy, and Organization, 1999-2007). Previous appointments: Yale University; University of Michigan; University of California, Berkeley
Chief Economist, U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989-93; Research Economist, The RAND Corporation 1966-68, 1959-61; Staff Member, Council of Economic Advisers, 1961-62
(with R.R. Nelson)
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
"Organizing for Continuous Improvement: Evolutionary Theory Meets the Quality Revolution." Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations J. Baum and J. Singh, eds., Oxford University Press, 1994.
"Patents and Welfare in an Evolutionary Model." Industrial and Corporate Change (1993).
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Othr vrsis:Frc Mr & Richr Ns & Luigi Orsig & Siy Witr, 2007. "Puic Picis Chgig Buris f Firms i "Histry Friy" M f th C-vuti f th Cmputr Smicuctr Iustris," CESPRI Wrkig Pprs 201, CESPRI, Ctr fr Rsrch Ivti Itrtiisti, Uivrsit' Bcci, Mi, Ity, rvis Ju 2007.
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Othr vrsis:Frc Mr & Richr Ns & Luigi Orsig, 2003. "m, ivti th ymics f mrkt structur: th r f xprimt usrs ivrs prfrcs," CESPRI Wrkig Pprs 135, CESPRI, Ctr fr Rsrch Ivti Itrtiisti, Uivrsit' Bcci, Mi, Ity, rvis J 2003.
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12. Kvrick, Avi K. & Lvi, Richr C. & Ns, Richr R. & Witr, Siy G., 1995. "O th surcs sigificc f itriustry iffrcs i tchgic pprtuitis," Rsrch Picy, Esvir, v. 24(2), pgs 185-205, Mrch.
Othr vrsis:Avi K. Kvrick & Richr C. Lvi & Richr R. Ns & Siy G. Witr, 1993. "O th Surcs Sigificc f Itriustry iffrcs i Tchgic Opprtuitis," Cs Futi iscussi Pprs 1052, Cs Futi, Y Uivrsity.
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17. Richr C. Lvi & Avi K. Kvrick & Richr R. Ns & Siy G. Witr, 1987. "Apprpritig th Rturs frm Iustri Rsrch vpmt," Brkigs Pprs Ecmic Activity, Ecmic Stuis Prgrm, Th Brkigs Istituti, v. 18(1987-3), pgs 783-832.
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21. Witr, Siy G., 1984. "Schumptri cmptiti i trtiv tchgic rgims," Jur f Ecmic Bhvir & Orgizti, Esvir, v. 5(3-4), pgs 287-320.
22. Witr, Siy G., 1982. "Biry chic th suppy f mmry," Jur f Ecmic Bhvir & Orgizti, Esvir, v. 3(4), pgs 277-321, cmr.
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25. y, R. H. & Witr, S. G., 1980. "Eitri," Jur f Ecmic Bhvir & Orgizti, Esvir, v. 1(1), pgs 1-4, Mrch.
26. Ns, Richr R & Witr, Siy G, 1980. "Firm Iustry Rsps t Chg Mrkt Citis: A Evutiry Apprch," Ecmic Iquiry, Oxfr Uivrsity Prss, v. 18(2), pgs 179-202, Apri.
27. Richr R. Ns & Siy G. Witr, 1978. "Frcs Grtig Limitig Cctrti ur Schumptri Cmptiti," B Jur f Ecmics, Th RAN Crprti, v. 9(2), pgs 524-548, Autum.
28. Ns, Richr R & Witr, Siy G, 1977. "Simuti f Schumptri Cmptiti," Amric Ecmic Rvi, Amric Ecmic Assciti, v. 67(1), pgs 271-76, Frury.
29. Ns, Richr R & Witr, Siy G & Schutt, Hrrt L, 1976. "Tchic Chg i Evutiry M," Th Qurtry Jur f Ecmics, MIT Prss, v. 90(1), pgs 90-118, Frury.
30. Richr R. Ns & Siy G. Witr, 1975. "Fctr Pric Chgs Fctr Sustituti i Evutiry M," B Jur f Ecmics, Th RAN Crprti, v. 6(2), pgs 466-486, Autum.
31. Ns, Richr R & Witr, Siy G, 1975. "Grth Thry frm Evutiry Prspctiv: Th iffrti Pructivity Puzz," Amric Ecmic Rvi, Amric Ecmic Assciti, v. 65(2), pgs 338-44, My.
32. Ns, Richr R & Witr, Siy G, 1974. "Ncssic vs. Evutiry Thris f Ecmic Grth: Critiqu Prspctus," Ecmic Jur, Ry Ecmic Scity, v. 84(336), pgs 886-905, cmr.
33. Ns, Richr R & Witr, Siy G, 1973. "Tr Evutiry Thry f Ecmic Cpiitis," Amric Ecmic Rvi, Amric Ecmic Assciti, v. 63(2), pgs 440-49, My.
34. Witr, Siy G, 1971. "Stisficig, Scti, th Ivtig Rmt," Th Qurtry Jur f Ecmics, MIT Prss, v. 85(2), pgs 237-61, My.
35. Witr, Siy Jr., 1969. "A simp rmrk th sc ptimity thrm f fr cmics," Jur f Ecmic Thry, Esvir, v. 1(1), pgs 99-103, Ju.
看他的外文文獻，哎，看不懂，一邊翻譯一邊看，好難