《紐約郵報》
出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)
官方網站網址：http://www.nypost.com/
目錄 |
《紐約郵報》（New York Post）是美國曆史最悠久的報紙之一。創辦於1801年，現屬媒體大亨默多克的新聞集團。其報道風格以煽情、八卦而聞名。在1960年代後半期，日發行量曾達70萬份，現雖下降到41.8萬份，但仍然是紐約最重要的報紙之一。
1973年，默多克開始向美國進軍。與英國人的冰冷和英國傳媒的敵意相反，性格相對憨直的美國人沒有留意到這位不速之客的真正意圖，對默多克夫婦表現出相當的友好。
1974年，默多克認識了經營《紐約郵報》幾十年的多莉·施奇夫夫人。然而，她當時無意出賣該報。到了1976年，她的律師告訴她，即將實行的美國新稅務法將使她的孩子們很難保住這份報紙。當時，該報銷量近50萬份，但一年虧損5000萬美元。73歲的多莉·施奇夫夫人決定將報紙賣給默多克。1976年底，買賣終於成交。擁有歷史悠久又頗具影響力的《紐約郵報》，是默多克打入美國關鍵的一步。 他在紐約購買了《紐約郵報》後，一改報紙原來的風格，開始增加暴力和性的有關新聞，以及醜聞和案件的報道，並通過渲染和誇張的語言來吸引讀者。
The New York Post, established in 1801 as the New-York Evening Post, describes itself as the nation's oldest continuously published daily newspaper. The Hartford Courant, which describes itself as the nation's oldest continuously published newspaper, was founded in 1764 as a semi-weekly paper; it did not begin publishing daily until 1836. The New Hampshire Gazette, which has trademarked its claim of being The Nation's Oldest Newspaper, was founded in 1756, also as a weekly. Moreover, since the 1890s it has been published only for weekends.
The Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$10,000 from a group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as the New-York Evening Post, a broadsheet. Hamilton's co-investors included other New York members of the Federalist Party, such as Robert Troup and Oliver Wolcott, who were dismayed by the election of Thomas Jefferson as U.S. President and the rise in popularity of the Democratic-Republican Party. The meeting at which Hamilton first recruited investors for the new paper took place in then-country weekend villa that is now Gracie Mansion. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor, but the most-famous 19th-century New-York Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant. So well respected was the New-York Evening Post under Bryant's editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, in 1864.
In 1881 Henry Villard took control of the New-York Evening Post, which in 1897 passed to the management of his son, Oswald Garrison Villard, a founding member of both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the American Civil Liberties Union. Villard sold the paper in 1918, after widespread allegations of pro-German sympathies during World War I hurt its circulation. The buyer was Thomas Lamont, a senior partner in the Wall Street firm of J.P. Morgan & Co.. Unable to stem the paper's financial losses, he sold it to a consortium of 34 financial and reform political leaders, headed by Edwin F. Gay, dean of the Harvard Business School, whose members included Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Conservative Cyrus H. K. Curtis—publisher of the Ladies Home Journal—purchased the New-York Evening Post in 1924 and briefly turned it into a non-sensational tabloid in 1933. J. David Stern purchased the paper in 1934, changed its name to the New York Post, and restored its broadsheet size and liberal perspective.
Dorothy Schiff purchased the paper in 1939; her husband, George Backer, was named editor and publisher. Her second editor (and third husband) Ted Thackrey became co-publisher and co-editor with Schiff in 1942, and recast the newspaper into its current tabloid format. James Wechsler became editor of the paper in 1949, running both the news and the editorial pages; in 1961, he turned over the news section to Paul Sann and remained as editorial-page editor until 1980. Under Schiff's tenure the Post was devoted to liberalism, supporting trade unions and social welfare, and featured some of the most-popular columnists of the time, such as Drew Pearson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Max Lerner, Murray Kempton, Pete Hamill, and Eric Sevareid, in addition to theatre critic Richard Watts, Jr. and Broadway columnist Earl Wilson. In 1976 the Post was bought by Rupert Murdoch for US$30 million. The Post at this point was the only surviving afternoon daily in New York City, but its circulation under Schiff had grown by two-thirds.
