埃德加·M·胡佛
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埃德加·M·胡佛（Edgar Malone Hoover）——美國區域經濟學家
目錄 |
埃德加·M·胡佛（Edgar Malone Hoover）是美國區域經濟學家，早在1937年，他就發表了《區位理論與靴鞋和皮革工業》，從歷史的角度敘述了不同經濟發展階段的區位結構(locational patterns)。《區域經濟學導論》是胡佛的又一重要著作。
埃德加·M.胡佛說,“所有的定義都把區域概括為一個整體的地理範疇,因而可以從整體上對其進行分析”,“把區域作為一個集合體,……這一集合體對於管理、計劃和公共政策的制定和實施都是必須的。最實用的區域劃分應當符合行政區劃的疆界。”
Edgar M. Hoover was Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, Emeritus, University of Pittsburgh. He retired in 1972 and is now deceased. He received his A.B., A.M., and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University, and in 1976 received an honorary Litt. D. from the University of Glasgow. He taught at the University of Michigan and Harvard University, and served with the National Resources Planning Board, the Office of Price Administration, and the Council of Economic Advisers. From 1959 to 1963 he was director of the economic study of the Pittsburgh region for the Pittsburgh Regional Planning Association, and in 1962 was president of the Regional Science Association. He served as economic consultant to various government agencies, foundations, research institutes, and business firms. Professor Hoover authored several books including: Location Theory and the Shoe and Leather Industries (1937) and The Location of Economic Activity (1948), and coauthored Population Growth and Economic Development in Low-Income Countries (1958) and Anatomy of a Metropolis (1959). His articles and reviews have appeared in a number of professional journals.
運輸區位論是美國經濟學家埃德加·M·胡佛（Edgar M. Hoover）1948年提出運費由終點費（包括裝卸費、倉庫、碼頭、管理、保養維修等費用）和運行費（線路維修、管理、運輸工具磨損、動能消耗、保險費運輸工人工資等）兩部分組成，運行費與運輸距離呈正比，而終點費與運距無關，因此每噸公裡的運費隨運距增加而遞減。
埃德加·M·胡佛在20世紀30年代論證了不同產業的區位結構之後，將規模經濟區分為三個不同的層次。他認為，就任何一種產業來說，都有：(1)單個區位單位(工廠、商店等等)的規模決定的經濟；(2)單個公司(即聯合企業體)的規模決定的經濟；(3)該產業在某個區位的集聚體的規模決定的經濟。而這些經濟各自得以達到最大值的規模，則可以分別看作是區位單位最佳規模、公司最佳規模和集聚體最佳規模。
