霍尔迪·加利

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霍尔迪·加利(Jordi Gali,1961－)

霍尔迪·加利(Jordi Gali,1961－)

　　霍尔迪·加利(Jordi Gali)出生于1961年1月4日，为西班牙巴塞罗那庞比犹-法布拉大学(Universitat Pompeu Fabra)经济学系教授及国际经济学研究中心董事。他是新凯恩斯主义经济学理论的推崇者，并与另一位著名的新凯恩斯主义者、国际货币基金组织（IMF）首席经济学家奥利维埃·布兰查德进行长期合作。^[1]

　　霍尔迪·加利在纽约大学和哥伦比亚大学的学术地位也举足轻重，并在麻省理工学院担任访问教授。他是一个欧盟经济协会杂志编辑。他在经济政策研究方面，一方面在国家经济研究局担任副研究员，一方面于计量经济学会研究会作为研究员，并且他一直顾问于欧洲央行、美联储和其他中央银行。2008年据汤姆森科技的基本科学指标数据显示，霍尔迪·加利已经成为在经济和商业上被引用最多的科学家之一，名列排行榜第八。

　　新凯恩斯主义经济学理论强调失业和经济波动的微观基础，核心观点是经济波动与真实冲击（如技术冲击）有关，而与货币冲击无关。加利曾著有《货币政策、通货膨胀与商业圈》一书对该理论进行介绍。^[1]

　　Jordi Galí (born January 4, 1961, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish macroeconomist who is regarded as one of the main figures in New Keynesian macroeconomics today. He is currently the director of the Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI, the Center for Research in International Economics) at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. After obtaining his doctorate from MIT in 1989 under the supervision of Olivier Blanchard,^[2] he held faculty positions at Columbia University and New York University before moving to Barcelona.

　　In 2005, Galí received the Yrjö Jahnsson Award of the European Economic Association in recognition of his work on New Keynesian macroeconomics. He shared the prize with Timothy Besley of the London School of Economics.

　　In 2008, Princeton University Press published Galí's monograph Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle. The book provides an introduction to New Keynesian DSGE models, and analyzes the implications of those models for monetary policy. It is written at a level intended for introductory graduate courses in macroeconomics.

　　Galí is mentioned as a potential recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.^[3]

　　霍尔迪·加利教授研究的主要领域是宏观经济、货币理论和微观经济学，他已经能对各种专题，特别是商业周期、通货膨胀、汇率和货币政策的行为产生巨大的影响。他曾9次收到世界计量经济学会邀请，发表关于“展望的欧元区”财政研究政策会议的特邀演讲，并著有“宏观政策和波动的价格水平财政理论评论”、“通货膨胀计量与欧洲央行对价格稳定的追求”等著名文献。他的专论“货币政策，通货膨胀和经济周期：对新凯恩斯主义框架简介”更是堪称经典之作。

　　Galí's research centers on the causes of business cycles and on optimal monetary policy, especially through the lens of time series analysis. His studies with Richard Clarida and Mark Gertler suggest that monetary policy in many countries today resembles the Taylor rule, whereas the policy makers of the 1970s failed to follow the Taylor rule.^[4][5]

　　Another theme of Galí's research is how central banks should set interest rates. In some of the simplest New Keynesian macroeconomic models, stabilizing the inflation rate stabilizes the output gap too.^[6]If this property were roughly true in reality, it would permit central bankers to pursue a simplified Taylor rule focused only on inflation stabilization, with no need to consider output growth.^[7]Jordi Galí and Olivier Blanchard have called this property the 'divine coincidence', and have argued that in more realistic models which include additional frictions, it no longer holds. Instead, models with additional frictions (such as frictional unemployment) imply a tradeoff between stabilizing inflation and stabilizing the output gap.^[8]

　　Galí is perhaps best known for providing time series evidence that improvements in labour productivity cause employment to decrease. This finding contradicts the predictions of some well-known real business cycle models promoted by the New Classical macroeconomic school, but is (according to Galí) consistent with many New Keynesian models.^[9]However, the statistical methods ('structural vector autoregressions') on which this finding is based remain controversial.^[10][11][12]