霍爾迪·加利

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霍爾迪·加利(Jordi Gali,1961－)

霍爾迪·加利(Jordi Gali,1961－)

　　霍爾迪·加利(Jordi Gali)出生於1961年1月4日，為西班牙巴塞羅那龐比猶-法布拉大學(Universitat Pompeu Fabra)經濟學系教授及國際經濟學研究中心董事。他是新凱恩斯主義經濟學理論的推崇者，並與另一位著名的新凱恩斯主義者、國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）首席經濟學家奧利維埃·布蘭查德進行長期合作。^[1]

　　霍爾迪·加利在紐約大學和哥倫比亞大學的學術地位也舉足輕重，併在麻省理工學院擔任訪問教授。他是一個歐盟經濟協會雜誌編輯。他在經濟政策研究方面，一方面在國家經濟研究局擔任副研究員，一方面於計量經濟學會研究會作為研究員，並且他一直顧問於歐洲央行、美聯儲和其他中央銀行。2008年據湯姆森科技的基本科學指標數據顯示，霍爾迪·加利已經成為在經濟和商業上被引用最多的科學家之一，名列排行榜第八。

　　新凱恩斯主義經濟學理論強調失業和經濟波動的微觀基礎，核心觀點是經濟波動與真實衝擊（如技術衝擊）有關，而與貨幣衝擊無關。加利曾著有《貨幣政策、通貨膨脹與商業圈》一書對該理論進行介紹。^[1]

　　Jordi Galí (born January 4, 1961, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish macroeconomist who is regarded as one of the main figures in New Keynesian macroeconomics today. He is currently the director of the Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI, the Center for Research in International Economics) at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. After obtaining his doctorate from MIT in 1989 under the supervision of Olivier Blanchard,^[2] he held faculty positions at Columbia University and New York University before moving to Barcelona.

　　In 2005, Galí received the Yrjö Jahnsson Award of the European Economic Association in recognition of his work on New Keynesian macroeconomics. He shared the prize with Timothy Besley of the London School of Economics.

　　In 2008, Princeton University Press published Galí's monograph Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle. The book provides an introduction to New Keynesian DSGE models, and analyzes the implications of those models for monetary policy. It is written at a level intended for introductory graduate courses in macroeconomics.

　　Galí is mentioned as a potential recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.^[3]

　　霍爾迪·加利教授研究的主要領域是巨集觀經濟、貨幣理論和微觀經濟學，他已經能對各種專題，特別是商業周期、通貨膨脹、匯率和貨幣政策的行為產生巨大的影響。他曾9次收到世界計量經濟學會邀請，發表關於“展望的歐元區”財政研究政策會議的特邀演講，並著有“巨集觀政策和波動的價格水平財政理論評論”、“通貨膨脹計量與歐洲央行對價格穩定的追求”等著名文獻。他的專論“貨幣政策，通貨膨脹和經濟周期：對新凱恩斯主義框架簡介”更是堪稱經典之作。

　　Galí's research centers on the causes of business cycles and on optimal monetary policy, especially through the lens of time series analysis. His studies with Richard Clarida and Mark Gertler suggest that monetary policy in many countries today resembles the Taylor rule, whereas the policy makers of the 1970s failed to follow the Taylor rule.^[4][5]

　　Another theme of Galí's research is how central banks should set interest rates. In some of the simplest New Keynesian macroeconomic models, stabilizing the inflation rate stabilizes the output gap too.^[6]If this property were roughly true in reality, it would permit central bankers to pursue a simplified Taylor rule focused only on inflation stabilization, with no need to consider output growth.^[7]Jordi Galí and Olivier Blanchard have called this property the 'divine coincidence', and have argued that in more realistic models which include additional frictions, it no longer holds. Instead, models with additional frictions (such as frictional unemployment) imply a tradeoff between stabilizing inflation and stabilizing the output gap.^[8]

　　Galí is perhaps best known for providing time series evidence that improvements in labour productivity cause employment to decrease. This finding contradicts the predictions of some well-known real business cycle models promoted by the New Classical macroeconomic school, but is (according to Galí) consistent with many New Keynesian models.^[9]However, the statistical methods ('structural vector autoregressions') on which this finding is based remain controversial.^[10][11][12]