以色列特拉維夫大學

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以色列特拉維夫大學網站網址：http://www.tau.ac.il/

　　特拉維夫大學建於1956年。該大學是在合併3所原有的高等院校的基礎上建立起來的，目的是要滿足在以色列國人口最稠密的特拉維夫地區設立一所大學的需要。目前，它已成為以色列規模最大的大學，設有多門學科，而且十分重視基礎和應用科學的研究。該大學還擁有專門的研究所，主要從事戰略研究，醫療保健系統管理，技術預測和能源研究等。

　　Located in Israel's cultural, financial and industrial heartland, Tel Aviv University is the largest university in Israel and the biggest Jewish university in the world. It is a major center of teaching and research, comprising nine faculties, 106 departments, and 90 research institutes. Its origins go back to 1956, when three small education units - The Tel Aviv School of Law and Economics, an Institute of Natural Sciences, and an Institute of Jewish Studies - joined together to form the University of Tel Aviv.

　　At first attached to the Tel Aviv municipality, the University was granted autonomy in 1963, and its campus in the residential section of Ramat Aviv was established the same year.

　　Tel Aviv University offers an extensive range of study programs in the arts and sciences, within its Faculties of Engineering, Exact Sciences, Life Sciences, Medicine, Humanities, Law, Social Sciences, Arts and Management. The original 170-acre campus has been expanded to include an additional 50-acre tract, now being developed.

　　The University also maintains academic supervision over the Center for Technological Design in Holon, the New Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, and the Tel Aviv Engineering College.

　　Tel Aviv University came into being through the dedicated efforts of visionaries who foresaw the need for an additional university in Israel’s rapidly growing central region. In the 1930s, the idea was promoted by then mayor of Tel Aviv, Meir Dizengoff, with whose encouragement two post-secondary education facilities were opened during the British Mandate period: The Biological-Pedagogical Institute and the School of Law and Economics.

1950’s: The Early Years

　　After the establishment of the State, Haim Levanon, Deputy Mayor of Tel Aviv in the early 1950s and mayor from 1953-59 energetically campaigned for the founding of a second Israeli university in Tel Aviv. Although not without opponents, the idea was eventually realized on August 16, 1953, when the Municipal Council of Tel Aviv-Jaffa decided to transform the Biological-Pedagogical Institute into the Academic Institute of Natural Sciences, under the leadership of Prof. Heinrich Mendelssohn, which would “form the core of a future university.” It was located at the Abu Kabir campus in southern Tel Aviv, and had 24 students in its first year.

　　Mayor of Tel Aviv Haim Levanon at the opening ceremony for the first year of study at the Biological-Pedagogical Institute, 1 December 1953.

　　Students examine their grades on the billboard of the Natural Sciences Institute, late 1950s.

　　Looking back on those early years, TAU history professor Zvi Yavetz recalls how “as a young man who arrived at the miserable shacks of Abu Kabir from the splendor of the Jerusalem campus [the Hebrew University], I could only groan…These were awful years in terms of the physical conditions,” recalls Yavetz, “but I will never forget how students who were later to become great professors sat on first graders’ chairs... I was quite sure then, that with students like these, the authorities wouldn’t be able to ignore us for too long.”

The first campus at Abu Kabir

　　In 1954 an additional institute was founded in Tel Aviv: the Academic Institute of Jewish Studies. The University library was founded, new study tracks were opened, a teaching staff was formed, laboratories and classrooms were built on the Abu Kabir campus and an administration was established. In the 1955-1956 academic year, the two institutes had 130 students.

　　Meanwhile, the cornerstone of the School of Law and Economics’ permanent home, the Trubowicz Building, was laid in Ramat Aviv in 1955. The building was constructed on a plot designated by the Tel Aviv Municipality as the site of a future university, with the encouragement of then Mayor of Tel Aviv Israel Rokach. Completed in 1959, it was the first building on what was to become the TAU campus, although the School initially became a branch of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. With the determination of Dr. George Wise, the first President of Tel Aviv University, it became incorporated into Tel Aviv University in 1965.

Trubowicz Building under construction

　　The Trubowicz Building under construction, Ramat Aviv, 1955. 　　 　　In 1956, the Academic Institutes were officially upgraded into the new “University of Tel Aviv.”Diploma ceremony at the Academy of Music, 1957-8. Chairing the ceremony was the second Honorary President of the Academy, composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein (standing, center) and its founder and Head, Odeon Partos (right), the principal violinist of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. The Academy was founded in 1945 and incorporated into Tel Aviv University in 1966.

　　In 1960, the process of accreditation by the Council for Higher Education began. Six departments were authorized to grant a bachelor’s degree, and a seventh department (microbiology) was also authorized to grant a master’s degree.

President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi lays the cornerstone

　　President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (center) lays the cornerstone for the Ramat Aviv campus, together with Mayor Mordechai Namir (to his right)

　　In 1962, the Arieh and Rivka Shenkar Buildings of Chemistry and Physics were constructed on the Ramat Aviv campus. At the same time, architect Werner Witkover completed the first master plan for a modern, centralized campus that would include all the necessary academic, administrative and maintenance facilities.

　　Dr. George S. Wise shows journalists the dedication of the Shenkar BuildingDr. George S. Wise (first from left, front row) shows journalists the new campus at the dedication of the Shenkar Building, October 1964.

　　1963 was another breakthrough year, with the founding of the Faculty for Continuing Medical Studies. In 1972, this was to become one of the schools of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine.

　　On November 3, 1963, Dr. George. S. Wise became TAU’s first President. A manufacturer and entrepreneur in America and Mexico, Wise had served as Chairman of the Board of the Hebrew University until 1962, and was then persuaded by Prime Minister Levi Eshkol and Mordechai Namir to come on board.

Visit of Dr. George Wise to the Zoological Gardens at Abu Kabir

　　Visit of Dr. George Wise (right) to the Zoological Gardens at Abu Kabir, 1962, accompanied by Mayor Mordechai Namir. Founded in 1933 by Yehuda Margolin and moved to the Ramat Aviv campus in 1981, the Gardens are today Israel’s largest and leading zoological research facility.

　　Dr. Wise was given broad authority as President, enabling him to promote the University’s interests both on the academic and administrative levels. He directed the University, recruited outstanding new faculty members, represented it in the outside world, and coordinated all development and fund-raising activities. He leveraged his wide-ranging close relations with international heads of state to bolster confidence in the University and promote initiatives that had previously stalled due to budgetary difficulties.

1960s and 1970s: The University Expands

　　On November 1969, the University received full accreditation from the Council for Higher Education, opened new faculties and moved to the new campus in Ramat Aviv under the direction of Dr. George Wise.

　　The expansion of the campus with the Gilman Building under construction

　　Photo showing the expansion of the campus with the Gilman Building under construction in the foreground and Ramat Aviv in the background

　　The Physics Department was founded and immediately began to conduct scientific research at an international level, making their mark in the fields of nuclear research and astronomy. The Chemistry and Mathematics Departments also expanded and a younger generation of scientists began to emerge. They developed innovative fields that had not yet been studied at Israel’s other higher education institutions.

　　During 1964, Dr. Wise launched a reorganization of the University’s governance structure. The Senate, which included all full professors and representatives of the associate professors, was formally encoded in the University constitution, the spheres of authority of the Rector and Deans were redefined, faculty councils were restructured, and the first Director-General, Dr. Yitzhak Hoffman, was appointed.

　　On November 4, 1964, the Ramat Aviv campus was dedicated. The festive dedication ceremony was attended by President Zalman Shazar, Prime Minister Levi Eshkol, ministers, Knesset members, judges, scientists and other prominent figures, and was a major milestone in the history of the University. Indeed, it was the beginning of a new era, in which TAU achieved its goal of providing high-quality education to thousands of students – at this time it had 3,174 students. TAU had become a major player among Israel’s higher education institutions.

Dedication ceremony for the Ramat Aviv campus

　　Dedication ceremony for the Ramat Aviv campus, November 4, 1964. From left: Finance Minister Pinhas Sapir; President Zalman Shazar; Dr. George Wise; Prime Minister Levi Eshkol; Mayor Mordechai Namir; Minister of Education Zalman Aran and Rector Ben-Zion Katz.

　　In order to expand TAU’s financial base, Dr. Wise formed the International Board of Governors, which incorporated figures from the academic and business spheres. The Board convened for the first time in October 1967, embodying the public support and recognition that the University now enjoyed.

In the early 1970s, the University opened two more faculties: Engineering and Arts.

　　In 1972, Dr. George Wise completed his term as TAU President and was elected as the first Chancellor. The University now had nine faculties with 12,000 students.

　　In 1973, TAU was well on its way to achieving the goals set by its founders. The University was now well established on its permanent campus, with scientific achievements, making it an internationally recognized institution. The University had successfully fought for its survival and turned dream into reality. The next thirty years were devoted to maintaining its high standards, developing its research and teaching facilities, expanding its community initiatives and enhancing the significant role it plays vis-á-vis Israeli society and the Jewish Diaspora.