亲爱的MBA智库百科用户:


过去的17年,百科频道一直以免费公益的形式为大家提供知识服务,这是我们团队的荣幸和骄傲。 然而,在目前越来越严峻的经营挑战下,单纯依靠不断增加广告位来维持网站运营支出,必然会越来越影响您的使用体验,这也与我们的初衷背道而驰。 因此,经过审慎地考虑,我们决定推出VIP会员收费制度,以便为您提供更好的服务和更优质的内容。


MBA智库百科VIP会员,您的权益将包括: 1、无广告阅读; 2、免验证复制。


当然,更重要的是长期以来您对百科频道的支持。诚邀您加入MBA智库百科VIP会员,共渡难关,共同见证彼此的成长和进步!



MBA智库百科项目组
2023年8月10日
百科VIP
未登录
无广告阅读
免验证复制
1年VIP
¥ 9.9
支付方式:
微信支付
支付宝
PayPal
购买数量:
1
应付金额:
9.9
汇率换算:
1.32
美元(USD)
  • 美元(USD)
  • 加元(CAD)
  • 日元(JPY)
  • 英镑(GBP)
  • 欧元(EUR)
  • 澳元(AUD)
  • 新台币(TWD)
  • 港元(HKD)
  • 新加坡(SGD)
  • 菲律宾(PHP)
  • 泰铢(THB)

按当月汇率换算,

包含手续费

打开手机微信 扫一扫继续付款
立即开通
PayPal支付后,可能会遇到VIP权益未及时开通的情况,请您耐心等待,或者联系百科微信客服:mbalib888。
温馨提示:当无法进去支付页面时,可刷新后重试或更换浏览器
开通百科会员即视为同意《MBA智库·百科会员服务规则》

支付成功

全球专业中文经管百科,由121,994位网友共同编写而成,共计436,064个条目

爱沙尼亚克伦尼

用手机看条目

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

(重定向自Estonian Kroon)

爱沙尼亚克伦尼(Estonian Kroon/Estonian krooni 标准符号:EEK)

目录

[隐藏]

爱沙尼亚克伦尼简介

ISO 4217 Code:EEK

User(s):Estonia

Inflation:4.4%

Source:The World Factbook, 2006 est.

ERM:

Since:28 June 2004

Fixed rate since:31 December 1998

Replaced by €, cash :1 January 2008 tentative

€ = 15.6466 krooni

Band:pegged in practice, 15% de jure

Subunit:1/100 sent

Symbol:KR

Plural:krooni

sent:senti

Coins:

Freq. used:10, 20, 50 senti, 1 kroon

Rarely used:5 senti, 5 krooni

Banknotes:

Freq. used:2, 5, 10, 25, 100, 500 krooni

Rarely used:1, 50 krooni

Central bankBank of Estonia

Website:http://www.bankofestonia.info

The kroon (ISO 4217 code: EEK) has been the currency of the Republic of Estonia since 1928. One kroon is divided into 100 senti.

History

Estonia was a part of the Russian empire until it declared its independence in 1918 and remained an independent nation until the second world war when it opted to be admitted to the Soviet Union as a Soviet Socialist Republic in 1944. For a brief time in 1918 Germans occupied parts of Estonia and German marks became the currency of the land. After the Germans left in November 1918, Estonia was again independent and established its own currency, the Estonian marka. The marka was established at par with the German mark and was equal to two Russian rubles. The marka did not suffer quite the same inflation that Germany did but in 1924 the marka was replaced by the kroon as the unit of account, at a rate of 100 marka to one kroon. In 1928 the Bank of Estonia began issuing notes and coins denominated in kroon, prior to this the Estonian government held note and coin issuing responsibilities. The kroon was divided into 100 penni. When Estonia joined the Soviet Union it ceased issuing its own national currency and opted to use Soviet coins and banknotes. Estonian used the ruble up until the breakup of the Soviet Union, in 1992 Estonia declared its independence and once again established a central bank and its own currency the Kroon. The new Kroon was introduced at a rate of ten Soviet rubles for one kroon. Initially, the value of the kroon was linked to that of the German mark at a rate of eight krooni to one mark. Since Estonia’s independence in 1992 the value their national currency has remained stable. Estonia joined the European Union in 2004 and from what I understand they intend on adopting the euro in the next two or three years.

The Estonian kroon’s ISO 4217 code is EEK, the kroon is divided into 100 senti and the plural of kroon is krooni. Currently coins in circulation are in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 senti and 1 Kroon. Eesti Pank, Estonia’s central bank has also issued 5 Krooni commemorative coins, although they are never seen in circulation, it also ceased issuing the 5 senti coin. Banknotes are issued in 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 Krooni denominations.

First Kroon, 1928-1940

The first kroon was introduced in 1928. It replaced the mark at a rate of one hundred to one. It circulated until the Soviet invasion of 1940. The kroon was exchanged for Soviet rubles at a rate of 1 ruble = 0.8 kroon.

Second Kroon, 1992-

The second kroon was introduced on 20 June 1992, replacing the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 kroon = 10 rubles. Initially, the Estonian kroon was pegged to the German mark at a rate of 8 EEK = 1 DEM. It has been stable since then. After the introduction of the euro the fixed exchange rate of 1.95583 DEM to EUR led to an exchange rate of 15.64664 krooni to the euro.

The kroon is now officially in ERM II, the EU's exchange rate mechanism. As it remains pegged to the euro, it makes no use of its 15% fluctuation band. Estonia was party to joining the mechanism since joining the EU - actual entry was on 28 June 2004 .

Circulating Currency

Notes in circulation:

* 1 kroon (1992), * 2 krooni (1992;2006), * 5 krooni (1991;1992;1994), * 10 krooni(1991;1992;1994;2006), * 25 krooni(1991;1992;2002), * 50 krooni(1994), * 100 krooni(1991;1992;1994;1999), * 500 krooni(1991;1994;1996;2000).

Coins in circulation:

* 10 senti (1991;1992;1994;1996;1997;1998;2002;2006), * 20 senti (1992;1996 and 1997;1999;2003;2004;2006), * 50 senti (1992;2004;2006), * 1 kroon (1992;1993;1995 and 1998;2000;2001;2003;2006), * 5 krooni (1993 and 1994).

The 5 sent coins and 1 kroon notes are no longer being issued. The 5 kroon coins were only issued as commemoratives. As a result, all three are currently rarely found in circulation. Also the 50 kroon notes are not very popular in Estonia and are not seen in everyday circulation very often.

爱沙尼亚克伦尼对各国货币的汇率

Foreign currency prices last updated: Saturday, 23 June, 2007

Value of 1 Estonian Kroon:

0.04 Pound Sterling0.06 Euro0.09 US Dollar
0.1 Australian Dollar0.12 Bulgarian Lev0.09 Canadian Dollar
0.65 Chinese Yuan0.47 Croatian Kuna0.04 Cyprus Pound
1.83 Czech Koruna0.48 Danish Krone1 Estonian Kroon
0.67 Hong Kong Dollar15.7 Hungarian Forint5.36 Icelandic Krona
773.56 Indonesian Rupiah10.66 Japanese Yen0.04 Latvian Lat
0.22 Lithuanian Litas0.3 Malaysian Ringgit0.03 Maltese Lira
0.11 New Zealand Dollar0.51 Norwegian Krone3.95 Philippine Peso
0.24 Polish Zloty0.2 Romanian Leu2.23 Russian Ruble
0.13 Singaporean Dollar2.15 Slovakian Koruna0.61 South African Rand
79.73 South Korean Won0.59 Swedish Krona0.11 Swiss Franc
2.77 Thai Baht0.11 Turkish Lira (new)

爱沙尼亚克伦尼样币

爱沙尼亚克伦尼1991年版100 Krooni面值——正面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1991年版100 Krooni面值——正面
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1991年版100 Krooni面值——反面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1991年版100 Krooni面值——反面

Obverse Design: Lydia Koidula (1843-1886) Estonian poetess and playwright

Reverse Design: A view of the north Estonian limestone shore

爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版5 Krooni面值——正面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版5 Krooni面值——正面
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版5 Krooni面值——反面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版5 Krooni面值——反面

Obverse Design: Paul Keres (1916-1975) A famous Estonian chess player

Reverse Design: Order stronghold, the Narva River and the fortified stronghold of Jaanilinn

爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版10 Krooni面值——正面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版10 Krooni面值——正面
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版10 Krooni面值——反面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版10 Krooni面值——反面

Obverse Design: Jakob Hurt (1839-1907) Estonian folklorist, theologist, linguist and prominent social figure

Reverse Design: A view of the Tamme-Lauri oak at Urvaste

爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版50 Krooni面值——正面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版50 Krooni面值——正面
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版50 Krooni面值——反面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼1994年版50 Krooni面值——反面

Obverse Design: Rudolf Tobias (1873-1918), a famous Estonian composer

Reverse Design: Estonia Opera House in Tallinn

爱沙尼亚克伦尼2002年版25 Krooni面值——正面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼2002年版25 Krooni面值——正面
爱沙尼亚克伦尼2002年版25 Krooni面值——反面
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼2002年版25 Krooni面值——反面

Obverse Design: Anton Hansen Tammsaare (1878-1940) Estonian writer of classical literature

Reverse Design: A view of Vargamäe

爱沙尼亚克伦尼铸币

爱沙尼亚克伦尼铸币
放大
爱沙尼亚克伦尼铸币


本条目对我有帮助0
MBA智库APP

扫一扫,下载MBA智库APP

分享到:
  如果您认为本条目还有待完善,需要补充新内容或修改错误内容,请编辑条目投诉举报

本条目由以下用户参与贡献

Angle Roh,Vulture,Hudieaiwu.

评论(共0条)

提示:评论内容为网友针对条目"爱沙尼亚克伦尼"展开的讨论,与本站观点立场无关。

发表评论请文明上网,理性发言并遵守有关规定。

打开APP

以上内容根据网友推荐自动排序生成

官方社群
下载APP
告MBA智库百科用户的一封信
亲爱的MBA智库百科用户: 过去的17年,百科频道一直以免费公益的形式为大家提供知识服务,这是我们团队的荣幸和骄傲。 然而,在目前越来越严峻的经营挑战下,单纯依靠不断增加广告位来维持网站运营支出,必然会越来越影响您的使用体验,这也与我们的初衷背道而驰。 因此,经过审慎地考虑,我们决定推出VIP会员收费制度,以便为您提供更好的服务和更优质的内容。 MBA智库百科VIP会员(9.9元 / 年,点击开通),您的权益将包括: 1、无广告阅读; 2、免验证复制。 当然,更重要的是长期以来您对百科频道的支持。诚邀您加入MBA智库百科VIP会员,共渡难关,共同见证彼此的成长和进步!
MBA智库百科项目组
2023年8月10日

闽公网安备 35020302032707号

添加收藏

    新建收藏夹

    编辑收藏夹

    20