葡萄牙航空公司
出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)
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葡萄牙航空公司（简称葡航）是葡萄牙国有航空公司，IATA缩写为TP，ICAO缩写为TAP。葡航以里斯本为该公司基地，主要业务是经营欧洲、非洲、美洲的业务。
葡萄牙航空成立于1945年3月14日，在1946年9月19日开展由里斯本至马德里的商业航线。同年12月31日扩展至12个地区，包括安哥拉、莫桑比克等。
1947年开展里斯本到波尔图的内陆航线；2年后开展伦敦至圣多美普林西比。
1964年迎来了开业以来的第100万乘客。
1969年开拓以纽约、波士顿为主的美洲的业务。
1996年开始至澳门及曼谷的航线，但因载客量少，因此在翌年取消相关的业务；在2006年底，由于澳门的经济强劲，因此有意重开至澳门的航线。
2005年加入星空联盟。
相关业务
葡萄牙航空也持有下列航空公司的股份：
- 圣多美普林西比航空 (40%)；
- Linhas Aereas de Sao Tome e Principe (40%)；
- 澳门航空 (15%)。
The airline was founded on 14 March 1945, beginning commercial service on 19 September 1946 from Lisbon to Madrid under the name Transportes Aéreos Portugueses (TAP). On 31 December of that year, it began its Linha Aérea Imperial, a twelve-stop service including Luanda, Angola and Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Mozambique.
1947 saw the inauguration of its domestic service from Lisbon to Porto. Service to São Tomé and London began in 1949.
In 1953, the airline became a private company and began service to Tangier and Casablanca.
The one millionth passenger flew on TAP on 19 June 1964, 18 years after the airline began operations. In 1969 service to New York via Santa Maria Island in the Azores began. Boston was added to the New York service the following year. In 1975, TAP was nationalized, becoming a public corporation (Empresa Pública).
TAP purchased the Boeing 747 during the 1970s, replacing their Boeing 707s; but the 747s were eventually sold due to lack of demand. They were replaced by Lockheed TriStars and Airbus A310s on long haul routes. By the late 1990s TAP had expanded its fleet by selling its older Boeing 727s and Boeing 737s and had replaced them with Airbus A319, A320 and A321. The TriStars were sold to Air Luxor and were replaced by more capable Airbus A340s giving TAP a large fleet of Airbus only aircraft.
In 1989 service to Newark, New Jersey was introduced and in 1991, service to Berlin. Also in 1989 TAP became a publicly-traded company (Sociedade Anónima). In 1993, TAP began flying to Tel Aviv. In 1994, TAP began a code sharing arrangement with Delta Air Lines for north Atlantic service. This agreement was ended in 2005.
1996 saw the introduction of service to Boston via Terceira Island in the Azores, the inauguration of service to Macau and the launch of TAP's Website. In 1997, service began to Punta Cana and Bangkok. Flights to Macau and Bangkok have since been discontinued.
In 2005 TAP became the sixteenth member of the Star Alliance. TAP Air Portugal was rebranded as TAP Portugal in February 2005. It employs 9750 staff. TAP also ended its code sharing agreement with Delta Air Lines and began a new agreement with United Airlines as part of its membership in Star Alliance. Under this agreement United's code (UA) is placed on TAP's trans-atlantic flights and some African flights, and TAP's code (TP) is placed on United flights.
In 2006, it is planning to start codesharing with US Airways on all routes between Portugal and the USA and connection services out of Newark and Philadelphia.
On November 6, 2006, TAP Portugal, a member of Star Alliance, signed a contract with Espírito Santo International for the acquisition of 99.81 percent of the regional airline Portugália. Whether Portugália will join Star Alliance as a regional member or merge its operations with TAP is still unclear.
TAP Portugal has shareholdings in Air Macau (15%). TAP had in an airline from São Tomé and Príncipe, but the airline was dismantled.
