摊薄每股收益

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

摊薄每股收益（diluted earning per share / diluted share / Diluted EPS）

　　摊薄每股收益是指净利润扣除了非经常损益后得到的每股收益。非经常损益指那些一次性的资产转让或者股权转让带来的非经营性利润。

　　国外一般不要求计算摊薄每股收益,所以该指标没有国际可比性。

A performance metric used to gauge the quality of a company's earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised. Convertible securities refers to all outstanding convertible preferred shares, convertible debentures, stock options (primarily employee based) and warrants. Unless the company has no additional potential shares outstanding (a relatively rare circumstance) the diluted EPS will always be lower than the simple EPS.^[1]

Diluted earnings per share (Diluted EPS) takes the basic earnings per share figure one step further. Basic EPS only takes into account the number of shares outstanding at the time. Diluted EPS, on the other hand, estimates how many shares could theoretically exist after all stock options, warrants, preferred stock and / or convertible bonds have been exercised. The theory goes that because some or all of these investments could be converted or exercised, the number of shares outstanding could increase at any time. This reduces the amount of a company's earnings each share is entitled to. In doing so, the price to earnings ratio becomes higher, and the stock appears more expensive. In most cases, the diluted earnings-per-share figure is far more accurate estimation of the total earnings per share and receive special attention when valuing a company. ^[2]

Investopedia Says^[1]

Investopedia explains Diluted Earnings Per Share - Diluted EPS

Remember that earnings per share is calculated by dividing the company's profit by the number of shares outstanding. Warrants, stock options, convertible preferred shares, etc. all serve to increasing the number of shares outstanding. As a shareholder, this is a bad thing. If the denominator in the equation (shares outstanding) is larger, the earnings per share is reduced (the same profit figure is used in the numerator). This is a conservative metric because it indicates somewhat of a worst-case scenario. On one hand, everyone holding options, warrants, convertible preferred shares, etc. is unlikely convert their shares all at once. At the same time, if things go well, there is a good chance that all options and convertibles will be converted into common stock. A big difference in a company's EPS and diluted EPS can indicate high potential dilution for the company's shares, an attribute almost unanimously ostracized by analysts and investors alike.

　　摊薄每股收益＝净利润/报告期末股本

　　企业应当按照归属于普通股股东的当期净利润，除以发行在外普通股的加权平均数计算基本每股收益。

　　收益公式

　　发行在外普通股加权平均数按下列公式计算：

　　发行在外普通股加权平均数＝期初发行在外普通股股数＋当期新发行普通股股数×已发行时间÷报告期时间－当期回购普通股股数×已回购时间÷报告期时间 

　　稀释每股收益是以基本每股收益为基础，假设企业所有发行在外的稀释性潜在普通股均已转换为普通股，从而分别调整归属于普通股股东的当期净利润以及发行在外普通股的加权平均数计算而得的每股收益。简单点说，比如某个公司有权证、可转债、即将执行的股权激励，那么就意味着股份有潜在的增加可能，那么为了准确评估每股收益，就必须用稀释每股收益了

　　而摊薄每股收益是指净利润扣除了非经常损益后得到的每股收益，非经常损益指那些一次性的资产转让或者股权转让带来的非经营性利润。

　　全面摊薄每股收益是指计算时按照期末数计算，不取平均数，如用年末的股数计算的全面摊薄每股收益。

　　加权平均法是计算平均值的一种方法，是按照平均权数来进行平均。

　　资产负债表中的数据是一个时点数，而利润表中的数据是一个时期数，财务比率是财务报表中数据的比值，如果计算某一比率时，其中一个数据来自于资产负债表，而另一个数据来自于利润表，来自于资产负债表的数据在整个期间（如一年）内可能是变化的，如股本数、净资产、总资产等，由于取数方法的不同就出现了全面摊薄和加权平均的概念。

• 稀释每股收益