日本全日空航空公司

出自 MBA智库百科(https://wiki.mbalib.com/)

全日空官方网站网址:http://www.ana.co.jp/

　　全日本空输株式会社（日文：ぜんにっぽんくうゆ，英文：All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd.）简称全日空或者ANA。一家日本的航空公司，于1952年12月27日成立。

　　全日本航空公司成立于1952年12月27日，初期的名称为日本直升机公司（航班号NH为日本直升机 Nippon Helicopter）。1953年2月公司开始经营直升机业务，客运及货运服务则开始于1953年12月15日。1955年全日空开辟了从大坂到东京的新货运航线开通，为公司带来了发展的契机。同年，道格拉斯 DC-3型飞机投入运营. 公司于1957年正式更名为全日本航空( All Nippon Airways, ANA)。1957年12月1日，公司并购了一个小型的竞争对手远东航空公司，把公司的市场价值提升到了6亿日元。

　　到了1960年代，公司的增长趋缓，但新的机型不断加入。包括1960年的 Vickers Viscount和1961年的福克F27s.。公司于1961年在东京证券交易所和大坂证券交易所上市。经过了1963年和富士航空公司和合并，公司的价值提升到40亿日元。在1965年，全日空开始引入波音727及YS-11，到了1969年，波音737开始加入全日空的机队。

　　全日空于1973年开始引入洛克西德L-1011，L-1011为全日空首款引入的广体客机。全日空原先倾向购买麦道DC-10型客机，但最后决定引入洛克西德的L-1011。事后揭发洛克西德贿赂当时日本首相田中角荣，从而迫使全日空订购洛克西德生产的L-1011。事件最后导致了田中角荣及几名全日空高层被拘捕。

　　波音747于1978年加入全日空机队，全日空亦于1983年引入了波音767。

全日空波音 747-481

　　1986年3月3日全日空首飞了从东京到关岛的客运航线。大量的国际航线如: 法兰克福、纽约、三藩市、伦敦、巴黎相继开通。在1990年代，全日空持续把业务扩张到亚洲、北美、欧洲等地。空中客车也开始出现在机队，如A320, A321。同时代加入的还有波音747-400客机。1994年全日空开办往返关西国际机场的航班并与1999年10月加入星空联盟。

　　2001年911事件之后，布什政府宣布了航空禁令，从华盛顿杜勒斯国际机场飞往日本东京成田国际机场的全日空班机成为该禁令解除后的第一班在美国境内起飞的航班。

　　2004年，为了在成田及羽田机场大量扩充的停机坪不致空置，全日空宣布了新的机队更新计划，大量的小型客机将取代目前机队中服役的大型客机。全日空的盈利亦于2004年首次超越日本航空。

　　2005年7月12日，为了满足公司货运部门扩张的需求，全日空宣布与NYK达成协议，NYK将日本货运航空公司27.6%的股份转让给全日空。NYK是日本货运航空公司的主要股东。

　　全日空被ATW (Air Transport World)选为2007年的年度航空公司。

　　Formation建立

　　ANA's earliest ancestor was Nippon Helicopter and Aeroplane (日本ヘリコプター輸送, Nippon Herikoputā Yusō?), an airline company founded on 27 December 1952. Nippon Helicopter was the source of what would later be ANA's IATA airline code, NH.

　　NH began helicopter services in February 1953. On 15 December 1953, it operated its first cargo flight between Osaka and Tokyo using a de Havilland Dove, JA5008. This was the first scheduled flight flown by a Japanese pilot in postwar Japan. Passenger service on the same route began on 1 February 1954, and was upgraded to a de Havilland Heron in March. In 1955, the Douglas DC-3 plane began flying for NH as well, by which time the airline's route network extended from northern Kyūshū to Sapporo.

　　ANA's other ancestor was Far Eastern Airlines (極東航空, Kyokutō Kōkū?). Although it was founded on 26 December 1952, one day before NH, it did not begin operations until 20 January 1954, when it began night cargo runs between Osaka and Tokyo, also using a de Havilland Dove. It adopted the DC-3 in early 1957, by which point its route network extended through southern Japan from Tokyo to Kagoshima.

FEA merged with NH on 1 December 1957. The combined companies had a total market capitalization of 600 million yen. They initially planned to use the name Zen Nippon Kōkū or "All Japan Airlines" for the combined company. However, the statute authorizing the formation of Japan Airlines also banned any other company from using the words "Japan Airlines" (Nippon Kōkū) in its name, so the name "All Nippon Airways" was chosen instead.

　　Domestic era国内时期

　　ANA grew steadily through the 1960s, adding the Vickers Viscount to the fleet in 1960 and the Fokker F27 in 1961. 1961 marked ANA's debut at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as well as the Osaka Securities Exchange; in the same year, the airline was granted a permit to operate flights to Okinawa, technically international flights since Okinawa remained occupied by the US military.

　　1963 saw another merger, this one with Fujita Airlines, raising the company's capital to 4 billion yen.

　　In 1964, ANA introduced jet services with Boeing 727s on the Tokyo-Sapporo route. It also introduced Japan's first homegrown turboprop airliner, the YS-11, to replace Convair 440s on local routes. In 1969, ANA introduced Boeing 737 service.

　　As ANA grew, it took the then-unique step of contracting with travel companies across Japan to handle ground services in each region. Many of these companies received shares in ANA as part of their deals. Some of these relationships continue today in different forms: for instance, Nagoya Railroad, which handled ANA's operations in the Chubu region, maintains a permanent seat on ANA's board of directors.

　　ANA soon became Japan's largest domestic airline. However, the Ministry of Transportation had granted JAL a monopoly on international scheduled flights, which remained intact until 1986. ANA was allowed to operate international charter flights: its first was a 727 charter from Tokyo to Hong Kong on February 3, 1971.

　　ANA introduced its first widebody aircraft, the Lockheed L-1011, on the Tokyo-Okinawa route in 1974. The carrier had initially ordered McDonnell Douglas DC-10s, but cancelled the order at the last minute and switched to Lockheed. It was later revealed that Lockheed had indirectly bribed Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka to force this switch: the ensuing scandal led to the arrest of Tanaka and several ANA managers for corruption.

　　Boeing 747s were introduced on the Tokyo-Sapporo and Tokyo-Fukuoka routes in 1978, and Boeing 767s were introduced on Shikoku routes in 1983.

　　International era国际时期

　　In 1986, ANA began to expand beyond Japan's key domestic carrier to become a competitive international carrier as well. On 3 March 1986, ANA started scheduled international flights with a passenger service from Tokyo to Guam.Flights to Los Angeles and Washington followed by year's end, and ANA also entered a service agreement with American Airlines to feed the US carrier's new flights to Narita.

　　ANA expanded its international services gradually: to Beijing, Dalian, Hong Kong and Sydney in 1987; to Seoul in 1988; to London and Saipan in 1989; to Paris in 1990 and to New York in 1991. Airbus equipment such as the A320 and A321 was added to the fleet in the early 1990s, as was the Boeing 747-481 jet. ANA joined the Star Alliance in October 1999.

　　2004 saw ANA's profits exceed JAL's for the first time. That year, facing a surplus of slots due to the construction of new airports and the ongoing expansion of Haneda, ANA announced a fleet renewal plan that would replace some of its large aircraft with a greater number of smaller aircraft.

　　Also in 2004, ANA set up low-cost subsidiary Air Next to operate flights from Fukuoka Airport starting in 2005, and became the majority shareholder in Nakanihon Airline Service (NAL) headquartered in Nagoya Airport. In 2005, ANA renamed NAL to Air Central, and relocated its headquarters to Chubu Centrair International Airport.

　　On July 12, 2005, ANA reached a deal with NYK to sell its 27.6% share in Nippon Cargo Airlines a joint venture formed between the two companies in 1987. The sale allowed ANA to focus on developing its own cargo division.

　　In 2006, ANA, Japan Post, Nippon Express, and Mitsui O.S.K. Lines founded ANA & JP Express (AJV), which would operate freighters.It is majority owned by ANA. It absorbed Air Japan's freighter operations.

　　Air Transport World named ANA its 2007 "Airline of the Year", and the airline has been recognised by FlightOnTime.info as the most punctual scheduled airline between London and Tokyo for the last four consecutive years, based on official UK CAA statistics.

　　ANA planned to launch ANA Business Jet on 25 March 2007 as an extension of its business class offering, using Boeing 737-700ER aircraft configured with 48 seats in two classes. The two aircraft would initially be used on daily services between Nagoya and Guangzhou.Additionally, ANA will also use this jet to fly between Tokyo and Mumbai, in a configuration utilizing just 36 seats.