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積極人格

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什麼是積極人格

  積極人格特質是任何事情成功的基本要素。

  這類靈性資產包括樂觀、專註力、毅力、誠實、勇氣、真誠、勤奮,以及許多其他的特質。

  人格personaity一詞,來源於希臘語persona,原指希臘羅馬時代戲劇演員在舞臺上扮演角色所帶的假面具,它代表劇中人物的身分,表現人物的某種典型的心理,類似於中國京劇中的臉譜

  積極人格是積極心理學研究的一個重要內容和概念。

積極人格主要觀點

  (1)提倡研究積極人格特質

    積極心理學相信在每一個人的內心深處都存在兩股抗爭的力量:一股力量是消極的,它代表壓抑、侵犯、恐懼、生氣、悲傷、悔恨、貪婪、自卑、怨恨、高傲、妄自尊大、自私和說謊等;另一股力量是積極的,它代表喜悅、快樂、希望、負責任、寧靜、 謙遜、寬容、仁慈、慷慨等,這兩股力量誰都可能戰勝誰,關鍵是看個體自身到底是在給哪一股力量不斷註入新的能量,在給哪一股力量創造適宜的生存心理環境。

  (2)強調人格形成過程中各因素的交互作用

  強調人格形成過程中內在因素、外部行為、社會文化環境等各因素的交互作用

  這些因素包括生物遺傳因素、自然物理因素(生態環境、氣候空間、擁擠程度)、社會文化、家庭環境(父母教養方式、家庭結構、家庭氣氛 、出生順序等)、學校環境、自我調控等。

  (3)強調人的能力和潛力在人格形成過程中的作用

  良好的外部環境是人格形成的一個重要來源,要建構良好的外部環境,可以通過發展人的主動積極行為能力。一個人的現實能力(包括人對自己行為的評價能力、指定目標的能力、實現目標的計劃能力等)就被納入人格的建構之中,並且成為影響人格的一個重要力量。

積極人格特征優勢

  The VIA Signature Strength Survey is a 240 question survey that has been taken by hundreds of thousands of people. The VIA Signature Strengths Survey measures 24 character strengths that are taken from Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification by Christopher Peterson and Martin E. P. Seligman, Oxford University Press, 2004. The 24 character strengths are listed below. The results page will show you your 5 greatest character strengths.

  “VIA特征優勢調查”是一份面向成千上萬的人們的由240個問題組成的調查。VIA特征優勢調查測量了從許多種人格優點和品德中選出的24種人格優勢,又成性格優勢(Character Strengths)——成書為由克裡斯托弗·彼德遜和馬丁·E.P.·瑟里格曼編寫的、牛津大學出版社2004年出版的一本手冊和分類指南。這24種人格優勢羅列於下,結論那頁會顯示出你的5種最強的人格優勢。

  (1)Creativity (originality, ingenuity):

  Thinking of novel and productive ways to conceptualize and do things.

  創造力(原創性,獨創性):思索新穎而有價值的方法來產生概念和做事情。

  (2)Curiosity (interest, novelty-seeking, openness to experience):

  Taking an interest in ongoing experience s afor its own sake; exploring and discovering

  好奇心(興趣,尋找新事物,開放式體驗):對持續的體驗和其內在因緣產生興趣;進行探索和發現。

  (3)Open-mindedness (judgment, critical thinking):

  Thinking things through and examining them from all sides; weighing all evidence fairly.

  頭腦開明(判斷力,批判性思維):通過全方位測驗來思考事物;公平權衡所有的根據。

  (4)Love of learning:

  Mastering new skills, topics, and bodies of knowledge, whether on one's own or formally.

  愛學習:掌握新的技能、話題以及知識本體,不管是出於自願還是形式要求。

  (5)Perspective (wisdom):

  Being able to provide wise counsel to others; having ways of looking at the world that make sense to oneself and to other people

  洞察力(智慧):能對他人提出明智的建議;能著眼於對己對人有意義的世界。

  (6)Bravery (valor):

  Not shrinking from threat, challenge, difficulty, or pain; acting on convictions even if unpopular.

  勇敢(勇氣):不畏威脅、挑戰、困頓或苦痛;依覺悟而行,不論其是否被普遍認同。

  (7)Persistence (perseverance, industriousness):

  Finishing what one starts; persisting in a course of action in spite of obstacles.

  持久(有毅力,刻苦發奮):做事有始有終;堅持行為方向,不論障礙險阻。

  (8)Integrity (authenticity, honesty):

  Presenting oneself in a genuine way; taking responsibility for one's feeling and actions

  正直(可靠,誠實):自我表現誠懇;對自己的感覺和行為負責。

  (9)Vitality (zest, enthusiasm, vigor, energy):

  Approaching life with excitement and energy; feeling alive and activated

  有活力(熱情,積極,有魄力,有精力):使生活充滿激情和能量;感覺活躍、活潑。

  (10)Love:

  Valuing close relations with others, in particular those in which sharing and caring are reciprocated.

  愛:珍愛與他人的親密關係,尤其是那些其中相互分享、相互關照的。

  (11)Kindness (generosity, nurturance, care, compassion, altruistic love, “niceness”):

  Doing favors and good deeds for others.

  善良(慷慨,關懷,關照,同情,無私的愛,“美好的事物”):為他人幫忙、做好事。

  (12)Social intelligence (emotional intelligence, personal intelligence):

  Being aware of the motives and feelings of other people and oneself.

  社會智商情緒智商,個人智商):瞭解他人以及自己的目的和感覺。

  (13)Citizenship (social responsibility, loyalty, teamwork):

  Working well as a member of a group or team; being loyal to the group.

  公民權(社會責任,忠誠,團隊協作):作為集體或團隊中的一員好好工作;對集體忠誠。

  (14)Fairness:

  Treating all people the same according to notions of fairness and justice; not letting personal feelings bias decisions about others.

  公正:依照公平和正義的觀念平等對待所有人;不要讓個人感覺誤導對他人的判定。

  (15)Leadership:

  Encouraging a group of which one is a member to get things done and at the same maintain time good relations within the group.

  領導能力:促進集體,使個人在其中作為成員能完成事情並且同時維持良好的集體關係。

  (16)Forgiveness and mercy:

  Forgiving those who have done wrong; accepting the shortcomings of others; giving people a second chance; not being vengeful

  寬恕和仁慈:寬恕做錯事的人;接納他人的短處;給予他人第二次機會;不心懷報複。

  (17)Humility / Modesty:

  Letting one's accomplishments speak for themselves; not regarding oneself as more special than one is.

  謙虛/謙遜:讓人的成績說話;不自大。

  (18)Prudence:

  Being careful about one's choices; not taking undue risks; not saying or doing things that might later be regretted.

  謹慎:細心於自己的選擇;不要冒不當的風險;不說也不做會事後後悔的事。

  (19)Self-regulation (self-control):

  Regulating what one feels and does; being disciplined; controlling one's appetites and emotions.

  自律(自控):管理自己的感覺和行為;守紀律;控制自己的欲望和情緒。

  (20)Appreciation of beauty and excellence (awe, wonder, elevation):

  Appreciating beauty, excellence, and/or skilled performance in various domains of life.

  欣賞美麗和卓越(敬畏,贊嘆,上進):欣賞美麗、卓越以及/或在生活的不同領域的嫻熟表現。

  (21)Gratitude:

  Being aware of and thankful of the good things that happen; taking time to express thanks.

  感恩:知道並感謝發生的好事情;多多表達謝意。

  (22)Hope (optimism, future-mindedness, future orientation):

  Expecting the best in the future and working to achieve it.

  希望(樂觀,為未來打算,為未來定向):對將來有最好的展望,並努力實現它。

  (23)Humor (playfulness):

  Liking to laugh and tease; bringing smiles to other people; seeing the light side.

  幽默(愛玩):喜歡笑,喜歡逗樂;給他人帶來歡笑;看事物的光明面。

  (24)Spirituality (religiousness, faith, purpose):

  Having coherent beliefs about the higher purpose, the meaning of life, and the meaning of the universe.

  精神信仰(虔誠,守信,有追求):有對更高追求、生活意義以及宇宙意義的信仰。

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刘维燎.

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